Effects of coffee powder supplementation on the blood glucose and antioxidative enzyme activity of liver tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Jihyun Bae; Jung Yun-Jung; Choi Mi-Ja

doi:10.4163/jnh.2015.48.2.140

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Bae, Yun-Jung, and Mi-Ja: Effects of coffee powder supplementation on the blood glucose and antioxidative enzyme activity of liver tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Research Article

J Nutr Health 2015;48(2):140-148.

Published online: 19 January 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.2.140

Effects of coffee powder supplementation on the blood glucose and antioxidative enzyme activity of liver tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Jihyun Bae¹, Jung Yun-Jung², Choi Mi-Ja^2,^†

¹The Graduate School of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea

^†To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-53-580-5874, e-mail: choimj@kmu.ac.kr

Received 23 February 2015 Revised 18 March 2015 Accepted 25 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of coffee in diabetic rats in order to prevent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and to improve antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 200 ± 5 g) were divided into two groups; diabetic and nondiabetic groups. The groups were each randomly divided into two subgroups; fed control and coffee (5 g coffee powder/kg diet) diets. Diabetes was induced by intramuscular injection of 50 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight. Rats with blood glucose concentrations ≥ 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic for these experiments. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 4 weeks.

Results:

The results of this study indicate that body weight gain was significantly lower in diabetic groups than in nondiabetic groups regardless of diet. Mean food intake was significantly higher in diabetic groups than in nondiabetic groups, and significantly higher in the coffee group than in the control group in diabetic rats. Food efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly lower in diabetic groups than in nondiabetic groups regardless of diet. The fasting blood glucose of coffee supplemented groups was significantly lower compared with the control group in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the coffee group than in the control group in diabetic and nondiabetic rats, and serum HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in the coffee group than in control groups. The contents of hepatic triglyceride were significantly lower in the coffee group than in the control group in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was significantly lower in the coffee group than in the control group in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase in liver was not significantly different by experimental diets among all groups.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, effects of 0.5% coffee powder supplemented diet were beneficial on blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rats.

Keywords: diabetic rats, coffee powder, blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme activity

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Table 1.

Composition of experimental diets (g/kg diet)

Ingredient	Dietary group
Ingredient	Control	Coffee
Corn starch	529.5	524.5
Sucrose	100	100
Casein¹⁾	200	200
Soybean oil	70	70
Cellulose²⁾	50	50
Mineral-mix³⁾	35	35
Vitamin-mix⁴⁾	10	10
L-Cystine⁵⁾	3.0	3.0
Choline bitartrate⁶⁾	2.5	2.5
TBHQ⁷⁾	0.014	0.014
Coffee⁸⁾	-	5.0

¹⁾ Casein, Maeil Dairy industry Co. Ltd. Pyungtaek- City, Kyunggi-Do, Korea

²⁾ α-Cellulose, supplied by SIGMA Chemical company

³⁾ AIN-93G-MX, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, Wisconsin, USA

⁴⁾ AIN-93-VM, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, Wisconsin, USA

⁵⁾ L-Cystine, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA

⁶⁾ Choline bitartrate, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA

⁷⁾ Tert-bultyl Hydroquione, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA

⁸⁾ Maxim well-being polyphenol coffee, Dongsuh, Co., Ma-fo, Seoul, Korea

Table 2.

The effect of coffee powder on body weight gain in diabetic rats

Group	Non-Diabetic rats		Diabetic rats
Group	Control	Coffee	Control	Coffee
Initial weight (g)	215.7 ± 4.8¹⁾	215.2 ± 3.5	208.2 ± 17.0	215.2 ± 14.0
Final weight (g)	381.8 ± 19.7^a2)	387.1 ± 25.8^a	215.2 ± 37.7^c	247.8 ± 13.1^b
Weight gain (g)	166.1 ± 21.2^a	171.9 ± 27.2^a	7.0 ± 25.3^b	32.5 ± 13.7^b

¹⁾ Mean ± SD

²⁾ Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 3.

The effect of coffee powder on food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) in diabetic rats

Group	Non-Diabetic rats		Diabetic rats
Group	Control	Coffee	Control	Coffee
Mean food intake (g/day)	22.5 ± 2.2^1)c2)	22.9 ± 2.7^c	29.6 ± 6.2^b	35.8 ± 5.1^a
FER	0.3370 ± 0.0528^a	0.3396 ± 0.0219^a	0.0036 ± 0.0468^b	0.0444 ± 0.0201^b

¹⁾ Mean ± SD

²⁾ Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 4.

The effect of coffee powder on fasting glucose and serum lipid concentrations in diabetic rats

Group	Non-Diabetic rats		Diabetic rats
Group	Control	Coffee	Control	Coffee
Blood Glucose (mg/dL)	116.5 ± 31.4^1)c2)	105.0 ± 29.7^d	366.0 ± 55.2^a	295.4 ± 49.7^b
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	114.8 ± 11.3	104.8 ± 13.1	115.9 ± 9.9	110.3 ± 8.2
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	71.1 ± 8.2	64.1 ± 16.5	73.9 ± 11.3	69.8 ± 13.0
HDL - cholesterol (mg/dL)	17.8 ± 2.8^b	19.5 ± 2.5^a	14.7 ± 4.6^c	17.9 ± 3.2^b
LDL - cholesterol (mg/dL)	111.2 ± 10.9^b	98.0 ± 15.3^c	116.0 ± 9.8^a	106.3 ± 10.2^b
Atherogenic index	5.5 ± 0.9^b	4.4 ± 1.2^c	7.6 ± 2.8^a	5.4 ± 1.7^b

¹⁾ Mean ± SD

²⁾ Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Table 5.

The effect of coffee powder on the liver lipid and malondialdehyde content in diabetic rats

Group	Non-Diabetic rats		Diabetic rats
Group	Control	Coffee	Control	Coffee
Triglyceride (mg/g)	35.1 ± 2.0^1)a2)	30.4 ± 0.8^b	24.6 ± 1.3^c	21.7 ± 1.4^d
Total cholesterol (mg/g)	40.8 ± 2.5^b	39.0 ± 1.8^b	44.8 ± 1.8^a	43.6 ± 0.4^a
Malondialdehyde (nmoleMDA/g)	3.26 ± 0.4^a	2.87 ± 0.17^b	3.15 ± 0.18^ab	3.04 ± 0.05^ab

¹⁾ Mean ± SD

²⁾ Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Table 6.

The effect of coffee powder on the liver activities of SOD, GPx, catalase in diabetic rats

Group	Non-Diabetic rats		Diabetic rats
Group	Control	Coffee	Control	Coffee
SOD (unit/mg protein/min)	4.62 ± 6.87¹⁾	5.53 ± 5.19	4.72 ± 2.58	5.03 ± 2.10
GPx (nmol NADPH/mg protein/min)	14.32 ± 5.05	17.38 ± 6.61	13.77 ± 6.07	18.82 ± 1.90
Catalase (nmole H₂O₂ reduced/mg protein/min)	50.94 ± 17.09^ab	63.19 ± 13.09^a	35.31 ± 17.54^b	43.50 ± 2.24^b

¹⁾ Mean ± SD

²⁾ Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

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