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Abstract
Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to emerging data. Therefore, periodic reevaluation may be needed for some functional ingredients. In this study, we reevaluated scientific evidence for the antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955–2010 with the search term of coenzyme Q10 in combination with antioxidant. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 33 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant activity. Among 33 studies, significant effects for antioxidant activities were reported in 22 studies and their daily intake amount was 60 to 300 mg. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between coenzyme Q10 intake and antioxidant activities. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored. (J Nutr Health 2013; 46(3): 218 – 225)
References
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Fig. 3.
Evidence table of systematic review for coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant capacity. The quality of studies was scored according to the study design, reporting of withdrawals, confounder analysis and statistical method. The scoring system used in this study was modified from KFDA and FDA scoring system (Type 1, RCT; Type 2, Cohort study; Type 3, non RCT/case-control study etc; Type 4, animal study; Type 5, in vitro study. ●: significant result in the oxidative biomarkers, ●: no significant result in the oxidative biomarkers).
Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included for systematic review
| Ref | Study type 1) | Target | Subject no. | Dose (mg) | Result 2) | Quality score 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamilton et al. 20093) | RCT, DB, cross-over | Not patients | 23 | 200 | Ø | –2 |
| Dai et al. 20114) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 56 | 300 | Ø | 3 |
| Ostman et al. 20125) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 25 | 90 | Ø | 2 |
| Kon et al. 200810) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 18 | 300 | + | –2 |
| Singh et al. 199911) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 51 | 120 | + | 3 |
| Singh et al. 199812) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 144 | 120 | + | 5 |
| Singh et al. 200513) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 60 | 100, 200 | + | –3 |
| Tiano et al. 200714) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 38 | 100 | + | 3 |
| Yubero-Serrano et al. 201115) | RCT, SB, cross-over | Not patients | 60 | 200 | + | –2 |
| Lee et al. 201216) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 51 | 60, 150 | + | 3 |
| Palomaki et al. 199817) | RCT, DB, cross-over | Patients | 19 | 180 | + | 3 |
| Raitakari et al. 200018) | RCT, DB, cross-over | Not patients | 12 | 150 | + | 0 |
| Singh et al. 200319) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 97 | 180 | + | 0 |
| Kaikkonen et al. 200020) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 40 | 200 | + | 1 |
| Chello et al. 199621) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 30 | 150 | + | –2 |
| Chello et al. 199422) | RCT, SB, parallel | Patients | 40 | 150 | + | –4 |
| Singh et al. 199923) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 64 | 120 | + | 2 |
| Gul et al. 201124) | RCT, DB, cross-over | Not patients | 15 | 100 | + | 0 |
| Makhija et al. 200825) | RCT, parallel | Patients | 30 | 150–180 | + | –2 |
| Singh et al. 200326) | RCT, DB, parallel | Patients | 144 | 120 | + | 1 |
| Tiano et al. 201127) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 30 | 240 | + | –2 |
| Kim et al. 200928) | RCT | Not patients | 30 | 200 | + | 0 |
| Chapidze et al. 200529) | Open | Patients | 45 | 60 | + | –4 |
| Migliore et al. 200430) | Open | Not patients | 10 | 100 | + | –4 |
| Weber et al. 199431) | Open | Not patients | 22 | 90 | + | –3 |
| Glover et al. 201032) | RCT, DB, cross-over | Not patients | 30 | 1200 | Ø | –1 |
| Lee et al. 201133) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 51 | 200 | Ø | 0 |
| Prieme et al. 199734) | RCT, SB, parallel | Not patients | 142 | 90 | Ø | 1 |
| Braun et al. 199135) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 12 | 100 | Ø | 0 |
| Cooke et al. 200836) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 41 | 200 | Ø | 1 |
| Watts et al. 200237) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 40 | 200 | Ø | 0 |
| Kaikkonen et al. 199738) | RCT, SB, parallel | Not patients | 60 | 90 | Ø | –3 |
| Hodgson et al. 200239) | RCT, DB, parallel | Not patients | 80 | 200 | Ø | –3 |
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