Primary bone tumors in pediatric age group are uncommon, and even when they do occur, they are usually benign. The primary malignant tumors that occur predominantly in children are two bone tumors, namely, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. An adequate history and physical examination are the first and most important steps in evaluating a patient with a bone tumor. All suspected bone tumors should be evaluated initially with plain roentgenograms. Then the additional diagnostic studies, such as computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and technetium bone scan can be used, if necessary. Biopsy should be the last step in evaluation. Most of benign bone tumors usually do not require treatment other than a periodic follow-up evaluation. The optimal treatment of the malignant bone tumor often requires a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and wide surgical excision or amputation. Early detection of a malignant bone tumor not only may make the difference between life and death but also may allow successful salvage surgery rather than amputation of the limb.