Korea is now experiencing the most rapid aging process among the aging and aged societies, due to the fast expansion of the elderly population and an increase in the post-aged over 75 years. In every aging society, the long-term care management for the elderly is a matter of urgent measures as their ability of activities of daily living diminishes with time as a result of aging process itself and also of accompanied chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular, musculoskeletal and geriatric syndromes including dementia. The Korean government is now taking steps to initiate a demonstration project in 2005 despite the absolute lack of residential facilities and home-care services at present. By the year 2007, long-term care insurance will be started in a stepwise manner as long-term care coverage through the financial support from health insurance; however, in 2010, the long-term care insurance will be fully operated as an independent system from health insurance. To follow the social security model of other developed countries, along with insuring long-term care facilities and available manpower, the first issue to raise will be the financial aspect of this long-term care insurance, which has the structure of social insurance by nature. Geriatric medicine has its emphasis not only on the high-quality acute and recovery phase medical treatment of geriatric diseases but also on the coordination of individual long-term care management if a disability in the activity of daily living follows. Most of all, a nation-wide health promotion and disease prevention program should be organized to promote healthy longevity of the elderly by preventing their declining activity of daily living.