PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of congestive heart failure and deaths in developed countries. Current therapy is limited to the prevention of the progression of ventricular remodeling. The transplantation of stem cells into the injured myocardium is a novel and promising approach for the restoration of myocardial function. Various animal studies have suggested the potential of stem cell transplantation to regenerate myocardium and to improve cardiac function. Recently early phase ??clinical studies show that stem cell therapy may have beneficial effects on ventricular remodeling. In this article, the state of the art in both laboratory and clinic on myocardial regeneration with various types of stem cells is introduced. Finally the current and intrinsic limitations of stem cell therapy are discussed along with future directions for research on stem cell therapy for ischemic heart diseases.
References
1. Makino S, Fukuda K, Miyoshi S, Konishi F, Kodama H, Ogawa S, et al. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1999. 103:697–705.
2. Tomita S, Li RK, Weisel RD, Mickle DA, Kim EJ, Jia ZQ, et al. Autologous transplantation of bone marrow cells improves damaged heart function. Circulation. 1999. 100:19 Suppl. 247–256.
3. Wang JS, Shum-Tim D, Galipeau J, Chedrawy E, Eliopoulos N, Chiu RC. Marrow stromal cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty: feasibility and potential clinical advantages. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000. 120:999–1005.
4. Shake JG, Gruber PJ, Baumgartner WA, Senechal G, Meyers J, Martin BJ, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in a swain myocardial infarct model: engraftment and functional effects. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002. 73:1919–1926.
5. Toma C, Pittenger MF, Cahill KS, Myrne BJ, Kessler PD. Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to cardiomyoycte phenotype in the adult murine heart. Circulation. 2002. 105:93–98.
6. Liechty KW, Mackenize TC, Shaaban AF, Radu A, Moseley AM, Flake AW, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells engraft and demonstrate site-specific differentiation after in utero transplantation in sheep. Nat Med. 2000. 6:1282–1286.
7. Tomita S, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, Jia ZQ, Tumiati LC, Li RK, et al. Improved heart function with myogenesis and angiogenesis after autologous porcine bone marrow stromal cell transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001. 122:699–705.
8. Wang JS, Shum-Tim D, Chedrawy E, Chiu RC. The coronary delivery of marrow stromal cells for myocardial regeneration. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001. 122:699–705.
9. Behfar A, Zingman LV, Hodgson DM, Rauzier JM, Kane GC, Puceat M, et al. Stem cell differentiation requires a paracrine pathway in the heart. FASEB J. 2002. 106:1558–1566.
10. Iijima Y, Nagai T, Mizukami M, Matsuura K, Ogura T, Komuro I, et al. Beating is necessary for transdifferentiation of skeletal muscle-derived cells into cardiomyocytes. FASEB J. 2003. 17:1361–1363.
11. Badorff C, Brandes RP, Popp R, Rupp S, Urbich C, Dimmeler S, et al. Transdifferentiation of blood-derived human adult endothelial progenitor cells into functionally active cardiomyoyctes. Circulation. 2003. 107:1024–1032.
12. Bittira B, Kuang JQ, Al-Khaldi A, Shum-Tim D, Chiu RC. In vitro preprogramming of marrow stromal cells for myocardial regeneration. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002. 74:1154–1160.
13. Ren G, Michael LH, Entman ML, Frangogiannis NG. Morphological characteristics of the microvasculature in healing myocardial infarcts. J Histochem Cytochem. 2002. 50:71–79.
14. Kocher AA, Schuster MD, Szabolcs MJ, Takuma S, Burkhoff D, Itescu S, et al. Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow-derived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function. Nat Med. 2001. 7:430–436.
15. Isner JM. Myocardial gene therapy. Nature. 2002. 415:234–239.
16. Ming Z, Danielle M, Veronica P, Yasushi F, Kenneth W, Charles EM. Cardiomyocyte grafting for cardiac repair: Graft cell death and anti-death strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2001. 33:907–921.
17. Gordon DW. Migration of mesenchymal stem cells to heart allografts during chronic rejection. Transplantation. 2003. 75:679–685.
18. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Jakoniuk I, Anderson SM, Anversa P, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature. 2001. 410:701–705.
19. Jackson KA, Majka SM, Wang H, Pocius J, Hartley CJ, Goodell MA, et al. Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells. J Clin Invest. 2001. 107:1395–1402.
20. Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL, Schwartz RE, Keene CD, Verfaillie CM, et al. Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature. 2002. 418:41–49.
21. Jiang Y, Vaessen B, Lenvik T, Blackstad M, Reyes M, Verfaillie CM. Multipotent progenitor cells can be isolated from postnatal murine bone marrow, muscle, and brain. Exp Hematol. 2002. 30:892–904.
22. Morrison SJ, Prowse KR, Ho P, Weissman IL. Telomerase activity in hematopoietic cells is associated with self-renewal potential. immunity. 1996. 5:207–216.
23. Yukari M, Morayma R. In vivo and in vitro differentiation of myocytes from human bone marrow-derived muplipotent progentior cells. Exp Hematol. 2003. 31:1323–1330.
24. Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D, Baker M, Limana F, Anversa P, et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell. 2003. 114:763–776.
25. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Limana F, Jakoniuk I, Anversa P, et al. Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001. 98:10344–10349.
26. Menasche P, Hagege AA, Scorsin M, Pouzet B, Desnos M, Marolleau JP, et al. Myoblast transplantation for heart failure. Lancet. 2001. 357:279–280.
27. Strauer BE, Brehm M, Zeus T, Kostering M, Hernandez A, Wernet P, et al. Repair of infarcted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation. 2002. 106:1913–1918.
28. Assmus B, Schachinger V, Teupe C, Britten M, Lehmann R, Zeiher AM, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI). Circulation. 2002. 106:3009–3017.
29. Tse WT, Pendleton JD, Beyer WM, Egalka MC, Guinan EC. Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells. Transplantation. 2003. 75:389–397.
30. Goldstein JA, Demetriou D, Grines CL, Pica M, Shoukfeh M, O'Neill WW. Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2000. 343:915–922.
31. Rioufol G, Finet G, Ginon I, Andre-Fouet X, Rossi R, Tabib A, et al. Multiple atherosclerotic plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome: a three-vessel intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation. 2002. 106:804–808.
32. Tomoda H, Aoki N. Bone marrow stimulation and left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol. 2003. 26:455–457.
33. Gutierrez-Delgado F, Bensinger W. Safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in normal donors. Curr Opin Hematol. 2001. 8:155–160.
34. Zhang YM, Hartzell C, Narlow M, Dudley SC Jr. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes demonstrate arrhythmic potential. Circulation. 2002. 106:1294–1299.
35. Terada N, Hamazaki T, Oka M, Hoki M, Mastalerz DM, Scott EW, et al. Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion. Nature. 2002. 416:542–545.
36. Ying QL, Nichols J, Evans EP, Smith AG. Changing potency by spontaneous fusion. Nature. 2002. 416:545–548.
XML Download