Abstract
Most people will experience episodes are usually brief, resolve spontaneously, and recur infrequently. The successful management of persistent low back pain requires that treatment be directed to the pain-producing structures in the human body. The spectrum of the treatment of low back pain ranges from very simple and straight foreword to very the complex and intricate. Treatments for lumbar disc herniations are conservative (75~90% of patients), invasive (5~10% of patients), and surgical (5% of patients) treatments. Resolution of the first lumbar disc herniation takes place in approximately 75% of patient over a period of 3 months. With recurrent herniations, the chance of spontaneous relief of symptoms is reduced. In a very acute stage, the patient may require hospitalization to control the level of pain. Bed rest should be limited 2 days with the most comfortable position of the knee and the hip flexion about 80~90 degree. A few days of bed rest, adequate analgesics, and muscle relaxants to reduce muscle spasm usually are require. Physical therapeutic modality(included traction, heat, ultrasound, electrical stimulation), mobilization, manipulation, back school, spinal supports, therapeutic exercise and proper position should be used and educated. If the patient did not controled low back pain after above treatments, invasive treatments such as trigger point injection, facet or sacroiliac joint injection, epidural steroid injection, selective nerve root injection with high frequency heat therapy, or intradiscal injection may quickly alleviate symptoms. Every patient should attend a class in spine education as part of the overall treatment. Instruction is given in low back care, especially as related to the activities of daily living. Participants are taught correct posture, pelvic tilting, knee-to-chest exercise, and exercises to strengthen abdominal and paraspinal muscles. Individual instructions are given to each patient, explaining in more detail the nature of the patient's particular problem and how the individual can take control of the treatment.
Figures and Tables
References
5. Arokoski JP, Valta T, Airaksinen O, Kankaanpaa M. Back & abdominal muscle function during stabilization exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001. 82:1089–1098.
6. Braddom RL. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2000. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
7. Cailliet R. Pain series : Low back pain syndrome. 1995. 5th ed. F.A. Davis Company.
8. Cox JM. Low back pain : mechanism, diagnosis and treatment. 1999. 6th ed. Boltimore: Williams & Wlikins.
9. Delisa JA, Gans BM. Rehabilitation Medicine, principles and practice. 1998. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company.
10. Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Burton CV. . Managing low back pain. 1992. 4th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone.
11. Leinonen V, Kankaanpää , Luukkonen M, Hanninen O, Airaksinen O, Taimela S. Disc herniation-related back pain impairs feed-forward control of paraspinal muscles. Spine. 2001. 26:E367–E372.
12. Mannion AF, Taimela S, Muntener M, Dvorak J. Active therapy for chronic low back pain : part 1. Effects on back muscle activation, fatigability, and strength. Spine. 2001. 26:897–908.
13. Richardson C, Jull G, Hodges P, Hides J. Therapeutic exercises for spinal segmental stabilization in low back pain. 1999. London: Churchill Livingstone.
14. Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction. 2000. illustrator: Barbara D. Cummings.