The Korean peninsula has a long history of spring time dust clouds blown by winds from the arid deserts of Mongolia and China, these are called Yellow sand or Asian dust event. Public concern about the possible adverse effects of these dust events has increased, because the dust arrives in Korea after having passed over heavily industrialized eastern China. Most studies on the Asian dust have been focused on the physiochemical properties of the dust. Just several studies have been published on the matter of the health effects of the Asian dust both domestically and internationally. Even though the dust of crustal origin like the Asian dust is not considered as harmful as the dust from the exhaust gas, many people have experienced the eye symptoms and the respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum, and chest tightness during the yellow sand period. However it is not clear that the increased risk of experiencing respiratory symptoms during the dust period leads to increased risk of hospitalization or mortality. Limited epidemiologic studies suggest that the aged people and the patients with cardiopulmonary disease are more susceptible to possible harmful effects of the Asian dust.