Bacillary dysentery is still an important food-borne infection worldwide. Because a small inoculum can establish the infection, contact, food, and water are the usual transmission route. Abdominal pain and diarrhea are the early symptoms, followed by bloody and mucoid stool and tenesmus. Although the diagnosis of shigellosis is based on the stool culture, diarrhea with general symptoms persisting for several days and intrafamilial spread suggest the shigellosis. The high resistance rate against the first-line antimicrobials is a serious social problem in developing countries. In countries showing a high resistance rate of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin, including Korea, the treatment choice for shigellosis is fluoroquinolone for 3 days in adults. In Korea, there has been a dramatic increase of shigellosis from 1998. Shigella sonnei is the most common pathogen, and S. flexneri has been isolated continuously in a small number. Analyzing the incidence by age and provinces, the infection occurred most frequently in the age group under twenties, and Cheju, Kyeongnam, Chonnam, and Kangwon show the high incidence rate of shigellosis. Although seasonal variation of shigellosis was influenced by regional outbreaks, the infection occurred most commonly in late spring and early autumn. The resistance rate of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was very high, over 90%, but ampicillin resistance varied widely according to the epidemics or regions. The analyses of several epidemics of shigellosis from 1998 to 2000 indicate that the school lunch program is the most important cause for the recent increase of shigellosis in Korea. The strict regulation of mass food handling is critical for the control of shigellosis.