First Case of Psychrobacter sanguinis Bacteremia in a Korean Patient

Sangeun Lim; Seungjun Lee; Joon-Sup Yeom; Hyosoon Park; Min-Jung Kwon

doi:10.5145/ACM.2021.20.3.74

Journal List > Ann Clin Microbiol > v.20(3) > 1078578

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Lim, Lee, Yeom, Park, and Kwon: First Case of Psychrobacter sanguinis Bacteremia in a Korean Patient

Original Article

Ann Clin Microbiol 2017;20(3):74-79.

Published online: 12 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5145/ACM.2021.20.3.74

First Case of Psychrobacter sanguinis Bacteremia in a Korean Patient

Sangeun Lim¹, Seungjun Lee¹, Joon-Sup Yeom², Hyosoon Park¹, Min-Jung Kwon¹

^¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

^²Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence: Min-Jung Kwon, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea. (Tel) 82-2-2001-5211, (Fax) 82-2-757-0711, (E-mail) mjkkmd@gmail.com

Received 28 April 2017 Revised 28 July 2017 Accepted 11 August 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Psychrobacter sanguinis

has been described as a Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacilli originally isolated from environments and seaweed samples. To date, 6 cases of P. sanguinis infection have been reported. A 53-year-old male was admitted with a generalized tonic seizure lasting for 1 minute with loss of consciousness and a mild fever of 37.8 ^o C. A Gram stain revealed Gram-negative, small, and coccobacilli-shaped bacteria on blood culture. Automated microbiology analyzer identification using the BD BACTEC FX (BD Diagnostics, Germany) and VITEK2 (bioMérieux, France) systems indicated the presence of Methylobacterium spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, and the Moraxella group with low discrimination. The GenBank Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and an Ez-Taxon database search revealed that the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed 99.30% and 99.88% homology to 859 base-pairs of the corresponding sequences of P. sanguinis, respectively (GenBank accession numbers JX501674.1 and HM212667.1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human case of P. sanguinis bacteremia in Korea. It is notable that we identified a case based on blood specimens that previously had been misidentified by a commercially automated identification analyzer. We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a secondary method for correctly identifying this microorganism.

Keywords: Bacteremia, Psychrobacter sanguinis, 16S ribosomal RNA

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Fig. 1.

Graph showing change in body temperature, white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels during admission days.

Fig. 2.

Colonial and microscopic morphology of Psychrobacter sanguinis. (A) Non-pigmented and non-hemolytic colonies with circular and smooth edges on a blood agar plate. (B) Gram-negative coccobacilli (Gram stain, ×1,000).

Fig. 3.

Unrooted neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences of Psychrobacter sanguinis and 20 similar organisms.

Table 1.

Summary of previously reported cases with Psychrobacter sanguinis from human specimens

Patient	Sex/Age	Diagnosis	Specimen	Conventional cultures	P. sanguinis identification methods	Reported year	Country	Reference
12	M/84 M/50	Unknown Unknown	Blood Blood	Unknown Unknown	16S rRNA gene sequencing 16S rRNA gene sequencing	2012 2012	USA USA	[11] [11]
2	M/50	Unknown	Blood	Unknown	16S rRNA gene sequencing	2012	USA	[11]
3	F/61	Unknown	Blood	Unknown	16S rRNA gene sequencing	2012	USA	[11]
4	M/66	Unknown	Blood	Unknown	16S rRNA gene sequencing	2012	USA	[11]
5	F/64	Meningitis	Cerebrospinal fluid	No reliable identification (Psychrobacter sp. score=1.065)	16S rRNA gene sequencing	2014	France	[12]
6	M/13	Meningitis	Cerebrospinal fluid	Unknown	NGS metagenomics	2016	Mexico	[13]
7	M/53	Unknown	Blood	Methylobacterium spp., Aeromonas	16S rRNA gene sequencing	2017	Korea	Present

salmonicida, Moraxella group report

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