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Abstract
Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the impact of the elderly's basic psychological needs and wisdom on successful aging.
Methods
The study participants were 150 elderly people aged at least fifty five years of age. The participants were drawn from six welfare centers serving the elderly located in Gwangju metropolitan city, Naju city, and Jeonnam province from February 2017 to March 2017. Data were collected by three self-report questionnaires measuring successful aging, basic psychological needs, and wisdom. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 18.0 program was utilized including one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
Results
This study showed a positive correlation between successful aging and basic psychological needs (r=.75 p<.001), wisdom(r=.74 p<.001). In addition, successful aging has a positive correlation with autono-my (r=.32 p<.001), competence (r=.77 p<.001), and relationship (r=.73 p<.001). The competency (β=.40), relationship (β=.18), wisdom(β=.34) have a 69% (F=96.38, p<.001) explanatory power for the successful aging in the elderly.
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Table 1.
Difference in Successful Aging according to Participants' General Characteristics (N=133)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | M± SD | Successful aging | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M± SD | t or F (p) | ||||
| Gender | Male | 70 (52.6) | 96.89±16.24 | 0.22 (.826) | |
| Female | 63 (47.4) | 96.25±16.79 | |||
| Age(year) | 60~69 | 49 (36.8) | 70.92±6.10 | 99.78±13.61 | 3.39 (.056) |
| 70~79 | 73 (54.9) | 93.40±17.80 | |||
| ≥80 | 11 (8.3) | 103.55±14.86 | |||
| Marital status | Single | 2 (1.5) | 113.00±15.55 | 2.30 (.104) | |
| Married | 110 (82.7) | 97.33±15.92 | |||
| Divorced or bereaved | 21 (15.8) | 91.14±18.19 | |||
| Education level | ≤ Elementary a | 12 (9.0) | 91.67±16.38 | 8.88 (＜.001) | |
| Junior high school b | 32 (24.1) | 86.81±14.27 | b, c＜ d† | ||
| High school c | 46 (34.6) | 97.20±17.07 | |||
| ≥ College d | 43 (32.3) | 104.58±13.10 | |||
| Religion | Protestant | 30 (22.6) | 96.70±17.10 | 1.07 (.362) | |
| Catholic | 36 (27.1) | 99.58±18.40 | |||
| Buddhist | 28 (21.1) | 92.10±17.55 | |||
| Others | 39 (29.3) | 96.90±12.75 | |||
| Living type | Alone | 14 (10.5) | 89.21±16.27 | 1.42 (.237) | |
| With spouse | 80 (60.2) | 97.89±16.62 | |||
| With spouse & offspring | 27 (20.3) | 98.26±15.41 | |||
| With offspring | 12 (9.0) | 92.75±16.79 | |||
| Number of children | 1~2 | 52 (39.1) | 2.95±1.16 | 93.65±16.03 | 1.37 (.257) |
| 3~4 | 72 (54.1) | 98.56±16.44 | |||
| ≥5 | 9 (6.8) | 97.78±18.18 | |||
| Job | Yes | 31 (23.3) | 97.10±16.97 | 0.20 (.844) | |
| No | 102 (76.7) | 96.43±16.36 | |||
| Allowance per month (10.000 won) | ≤10 | 6 (4.5) | 87.83±17.74 | 0.69 (.559) | |
| 10~30 | 35 (26.3) | 97.86±14.15 | |||
| 31~50 | 40 (30.1) | 95.85±17.16 | |||
| ≥51 | 52 (39.1) | 97.31±17.30 | |||
| Health status | Very bad a b | 5 (3.8) | 102.60±20.48 | 4.97 (.001) | |
| Bad b | 17 (12.8) | 93.06±14.48 | c＜ d† | ||
| Moderate c | 64 (48.1) | 91.61±15.83 | |||
| Good d | 42 (31.6) | 103.21±15.25 | |||
| Very good e | 5 (3.8) | 110.60±11.60 | |||
Table 2.
Level of Basic Psychological Need and Wisdom (N=133)
Table 3.
Correlations between Successful Aging and Other Variables in the Elderly (N=133)
Table 4.
Influencing Factors on Successful Aging in Elderly (N=133)
| Variables | B | SE | β | t | p | Cum. R2 | F (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Constant) | -4.69 | 7.72 | -0.59 | .550 | |||
| Competency | 1.53 | 0.31 | .40 | 4.81 | ＜.001 | .59 | 190.93 (＜.001) |
| Wisdom | 0.67 | 0.14 | .34 | 4.78 | ＜.001 | .67 | 137.56 (＜.001) |
| Relatedness | 0.82 | 0.36 | .18 | 2.27 | .025 | .69 | 96.38 (＜.001) |
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