Journal List > Korean J Adult Nurs > v.28(6) > 1076437

Kim and Lim: Effects of a Computerized Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function, Depression, Self-esteem, and Activities of Daily Living among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a computerized cognitive training on older adults affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in terms of cognitive function, depression, self-esteem, and activities of daily living (ADL).

Methods

This study used a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 53 older adults who reside in long-term care facilities were recruited, 26 subjects for an experimental group and 27 subjects for a control group. A computerized cognitive training was performed for 20~40 minutes/day, three days/week for ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 with x2 test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test.

Results

Scores of MMSE (t=3.30, p=.002), depression (t=-2.15, p=.036), and self-esteem (t=2.76, p=.008) were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL (t=-1.01, p=.316) was not significant between the two groups.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the computerized cognitive training can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve cognitive function and self-esteem and lower depression among older adults with MCI.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Targeted Cognitive Domains of the Computerized Cognitive Training

kjan-28-691-i001
Table 2

Homogeneity Test of Experimental Group and Control Group (N=53)

kjan-28-691-i002

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MMSE=mini-mental state examination; ADL=activities of daily living; Fisher's exact test.

Table 3

Comparison of Dependent Variables between Two Groups after Intervention (N=53)

kjan-28-691-i003

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MMSE=mini-mental state examination; ADL=activities of daily living.

References

1. National health insurance service and Health insurance review & assessment service. The first half of 2015 health insurance key statistics [Internet]. Wonju: Author;2016. cited 2016 December 17. Available from: http://www.nhis.or.kr/bbs7/boards/B0075/21824.
2. Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment: aging to Alzheimer's disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press;2003.
3. National health insurance service. A report for the number of mild cognitive impairment [Internet]. Wonju: National health insurance service;2015. cited 2016 July 24. Available from: http://www.nhis.or.kr/bbs7/boards/B0039/14982.
4. Oh BH, Kim YK, Kim JH, Shin YS. The effects of cognitive rehabilitation training on cognitive function of elderly dementia patients. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2003; 42(4):514–519.
5. Yoo MS, Seo EJ, Hwang MS. Relationship between cognitive function, self-esteem, and depression among patients in longterm care hospitals. J Korean Acad Soc Home Care Nurs. 2013; 20(1):16–23.
6. Artero S, Ancelin M-L, Portet F, Dupuy A, Berr C, Dartigues J-F, et al. Risk profiles for mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia are gender specific. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008; 79(9):979–984.
crossref
7. Kim HS, You SJ, Han KR. The relation of cognitive function, physical health, self-esteem, social support and depression of elderly women in the community. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2002; 4(2):163–175. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.136903.
8. Song NH. The effect of resistance exercise on cognitive function and risk factors of dementia for elderly women with mild cognitive impairment. Korean J Sports. 2016; 14(2):305–315.
9. Park I, Choi IH, Kang SY, Kim Y, Lee CM. The effects of an individual cognitive improvement program on the elderly with mild cognitive impairments. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015; 26(1):1–10.
crossref
10. Bell M, Bryson G, Greig T, Corcoran C, Wexler BE. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy: effects on neuropsychological test performance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001; 58(8):763–768.
11. Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Kam KY. A review of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR). J Soc Occup Ther Aged Dement. 2008; 2(2):35–46.
12. Rose F, Brooks B, Attree E, Parslow D, Leadbetter A, McNeil J, et al. A preliminary investigation into the use of virtual environments in memory retraining after vascular brain injury: indications for future strategy? Disabil Rehabil. 1999; 21(12):548–554.
13. Hofmann M, Roösler A, Schwarz W, Muüller-Spahn F, Kraäuchi K, Hock C, et al. Interactive computer-training as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's disease. Compr Psychiatry. 2003; 44(3):213–219.
crossref
14. Cipriani G, Bianchetti A, Trabucchi M. Outcomes of a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program on Alzheimer's disease patients compared with those on patients affected by mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006; 43(3):327–335.
crossref
15. Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Belfor N, Jagust WJ, DeCarli C, Reed BR, et al. Computer-based cognitive training for mild cognitive impairment: results from a pilot randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009; 23(3):205. DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31819c6137.
16. Herrera C, Chambon C, Michel B, Paban V, Alescio-Lautier B. Positive effects of computer-based cognitive training in adults with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia. 2012; 50(8):1871–1881.
crossref
17. Jeong WM, Hwang YJ, Youn JC. Effects of a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy on mild dementia patients in a community. J Korean Gerontol Soc. 2010; 30(1):127–140.
18. Hwang JH, Kim SK. The effect of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation program on memory in the dementia: case report. J Korean Soc Assist Technol. 2011; 3:53–63.
19. Talassi E, Guerreschi M, Feriani M, Fedi V, Bianchetti A, Trabucchi M. Effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation program in mild dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a case control study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007; 44:391–399.
20. Belleville S, Gilbert B, Fontaine F, Gagnon L, Meénard É, Gauthier S. Improvement of episodic memory in persons with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: evidence from a cognitive intervention program. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006; 22(5-6):486–499.
crossref
21. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12(3):189–198.
22. Lee JH, Lee KU, Lee DY, Kim KW, Jhoo JH, Kim JH, et al. Development of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERADK) clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002; 57(1):P47–P53.
crossref
23. Yesavage JA, Brink T, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983; 17(1):37–49.
crossref
24. Cho MJ, Bae JN, Suh GH, Hahm BJ, Kim JK, Lee DW, et al. Validation of geriatric depression scale, Korean version (GDS) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1999; 38(1):48–63.
25. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press;1965.
26. Jon BJ. Self-esteem: a test of its measurability. Yonsei Nonchong. 1974; 11(1):107–130.
27. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged: the index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA. 1963; 185:914–919.
28. Won CW, Rho YG, Kim SY, Cho BR, Lee YS. The validity and reliability of Korean activities of daily living (K-ADL) scale. J Korean Geriatr Soc. 2002; 6(2):98–106.
29. Galante E, Venturini G, Fiaccadori C. Computer-based cognitive intervention for dementia: preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007; 29:3 Suppl B. B26–B32.
30. Kim MS, Kim JI. Relationship among the health state, daily living activities (ADL, IADL), sleep state, and depression among old people at elderly care facilities. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2015; 16(4):2609–2619.
crossref
TOOLS
Similar articles