Influencing Effects of Type D Personality on Symptom Experiences and Quality of Life in Patients with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Eun Hee Jo; Sun Hee Han; Myung Ha Lee; Sung Reul Kim

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.5.536

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Jo, Han, Lee, and Kim: Influencing Effects of Type D Personality on Symptom Experiences and Quality of Life in Patients with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Original Article

Korean J Adult Nurs 2016;28(5):536-545.

Published online: NaN October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.5.536

Influencing Effects of Type D Personality on Symptom Experiences and Quality of Life in Patients with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Eun Hee Jo, MSN, RN¹, Sun Hee Han, MSN, RN², Myung Ha Lee, Ph.D., RN³, Sung Reul Kim, Ph.D., APN^4,

^¹Assistant Professor, Kunsan College of Nursing, Gunsan

^²PhD Candidate, College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju

^³Professor, College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju

^⁴Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Sung Reul College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54899, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-3118, Fax: +82-63-270-3127, E-mail: srkim@jbnu.ac.kr

Received 17 July 20168 October 2016 Accepted 24 October 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing effects of type D personality on symptom experiences and quality of life in percutaneous coronary intervention patients.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 158 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention participated in this study, between July 1 and November 1, 2015. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-test, x² test, ANCOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 program.

Results

About 53.8% of participants were classified as type D personality. The type D personality group reported statistically significantly higher symptom experience, lower cardiac function, and lower cardiovascular-specific quality of life compared to non-type D personality group. On stepwise multiple regression, the most significant factor of quality of life was symptom experiences (adjusted R²=.25, p<.001), followed by type D personality (adjusted R²=.31, p<.001).

Conclusion

Personality trait assessment is recommended for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention to assess symptom experiences and quality of life. In addition, development of nursing intervention might be beneficial to manage symptom experience and quality of life in percutaneous coronary intervention patients with type D personality.

Keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Quality of life, Symptom, Type D personality

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Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics between Type D Personality Group and Non-type D Personality Group (N=158)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Total	Type D (n=85)	Non-type D (n=73)	x² or t	p
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Demographic characteristics	Gender	Male	113 (71.5)	66 (77.6)	47 (64.4)	3.39	.078
	Gender	Female	45 (28.5)	19 (22.4)	26 (35.6)
	Age (year)		62.0±12.4	61.5±12.4	62.5±12.5	-0.47	.643
	Marital status	Married	139 (88.0)	76 (89.4)	63 (86.3)	0.36	.627
	Marital status	Not married	19 (12.0)	9 (10.6)	10 (13.7)
	Religion	Yes	66 (41.8)	30 (35.3)	36 (49.3)	3.17	.079
	Religion	No	92 (58.2)	55 (64.7)	37 (50.7)
	Education	≤Elementary school	57 (36.1)	28 (32.9)	29 (39.7)	5.88	.120
		Junior high school	33 (20.9)	14 (16.5)	19 (26.0)
		High school	25 (15.8)	18 (21.2)	7 (9.6)
		≥College	43 (27.2)	25 (29.4)	18 (24.7)
Clinical characteristics	Diagnosis	Myocardial infarction	90 (57.0)	52 (61.2)	38 (52.1)	1.33	.263
	Diagnosis	Angina	68 (43.0)	33 (38.8)	35 (47.9)
	LVEF (%)		54.9±12.5	50.1±60.6	60.6±12.1	-5.72	＜.001
	Cardiac function	I	26 (16.5)	4 (4.7)	22 (30.1)	21.98	＜.001
		II	32 (20.3)	17 (20.0)	15 (20.5)
		III	59 (37.3)	34 (40.0)	25 (34.2)
		IV	41 (25.9)	30 (35.3)	11 (15.1)
	Smoking	Yes	48 (30.4)	25 (29.4)	23 (31.5)	0.08	.863
	Smoking	No	110 (69.6)	60 (70.6)	50 (68.5)
	Drinking	Yes	60 (38.0)	30 (35.3)	30 (41.1)	0.56	.512
	Drinking	No	98 (62.0)	55 (64.7)	43 (58.9)
	Hypertension	Yes	77 (48.7)	37 (43.5)	40 (54.8)	2.00	.202
	Hypertension	No	82 (51.3)	48 (56.5)	33 (45.2)
	Hyperlipidemia	Yes	31 (19.6)	16 (18.8)	15 (20.5)	0.07	.842
	Hyperlipidemia	No	127 (80.4)	69 (81.2)	58 (79.5)
	Diabetes mellitus	Yes	48 (30.4)	26 (30.6)	22 (30.1)	0.01	.100
	Diabetes mellitus	No	110 (69.6)	59 (69.4)	51 (69.9)

LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 2.

Comparison of Symptom Experience and Quality of Life between Type D Personality Group and Non-type D Personality Group (N=158)

Variables	Total	Type D (n=85)	Non-type D (n=73)	F	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	F	p
Symptom experience	4.53±2.42	5.13±2.48	3.84±2.18	4.77^†	.031
Quality of life	58.42±11.75	54.35±9.79	63.17±12.11	10.63^†	.001
Specific symptom	52.37±25.80	52.12±27.25	52.67±24.18	0.57^†	.450
General symptom	52.37±25.36	49.31±23.40	55.93±27.20	0.56^†	.454
Daily physical activity Inter-relationship	59.28±24.25 63.39±23.73	63.63±24.04 57.35±22.65	65.87±22.96 68.26±23.76	12.94^† 5.74^†	＜.001 .018
Emotional status	65.69±25.34	59.33±22.34	73.09±26.73	2.75^†	.099

^† Tested using t-test and ANCOVA (controlling cardiac function & left ventricular ejection fraction).

Table 3.

Symptom Experience and Quality of Life according to Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=158)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Symptom experience			Quality of life
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p	M±SD	t or F	p
Demographic characteristics	Gender	Male	4.27±2.43	-2.15	.033	59.03±11.56	1.02	.308
	Gender	Female	1.58±2.31			56.91±12.21
	Marital status	Married	4.58±2.42	0.73	.469	58.12±11.73	-0.88	.381
	Marital status	Not married	4.15±2.46			60.64±11.93
	Religion	Yes	4.71±2.38	0.78	.435	57.44±11.99	-0.89	.376
	Religion	No	4.40±2.46			59.13±11.59
	Education	≤Elementary school	4.99±2.42	1.23	.299	57.73±12.30	0.53	.695
		Junior high school	4.21±2.51			60.70±11.18
		High school	4.03±2.51			58.33±12.53
		≥College	4.47±2.30			57.65±11.14
Clinical characteristics	Diagnosis	Myocardial infarction	3.95±2.25	-3.60	＜.001	59.96±11.04	1.91	.058
	Diagnosis	Angina	5.30±2.45			56.39±12.42
	Cardiac function	I	3.48±2.29^a	7.29	＜.001^†	69.14±11.86^a	10.47	＜.001^†
		II	3.50±2.25^a		(a＜b)	56.93±11.09^b		(a＜b)
		III	4.81±2.38^b			55.36±10.54^b
		IV	5.60±2.19^b			57.20±10.35^b
	Smoking	Yes	4.18±0.98	0.94	.350	59.70±9.89	0.90	.370
	Smoking	No	1.71±1.03			57.87±12.48
	Drinking	Yes	4.05±2.37	-1.99	.048	58.24±10.71	-0.15	.880
	Drinking	No	4.83±2.42			58.53±12.40
	Hypertension	Yes	4.70±2.28	0.85	.398	58.46±11.81	-0.15	.880
	Hypertension	No	4.37±2.56			58.53±12.40
	Hyperlipidemia	Yes	4.19±2.25	-0.87	.387	57.98±12.63	-0.23	.815
	Hyperlipidemia	No	4.61±2.47			58.53±11.57
	Diabetes mellitus	Yes	4.88±2.32	1.18	.239	57.89±11.89	-0.38	.706
	Diabetes mellitus	No	4.38±2.46			58.66±11.73

^† Scheffé test.

Table 4.

Correlations between Quality of Life and Related Variables (N=158)

Variables	Cardiac function	LVEF	Symptoms experience
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
LVEF	-.24 (＜.001)
Symptoms experience	.34 (＜.001)	-.06 (.432)
Quality of life	-.30 (＜.001)	.20 (.012)	-.51 (＜.001)

LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 5.

Influencing Factors on Quality of Life according to Stepwise Multiple Regression (N=158)

Variables	Step 1		Step 2
Variables	B	t (p)	B	t (p)
(Constant)	69.56	40.50 (＜.001)	59.57	18.47 (＜.001)
Experienced symptoms	-2.46	-7.38 (＜.001)	-2.14	-6.40 (＜.001)
Type D personality			5.85	3.61 (＜.001)
	Adjusted R²=.25, F=53.97, p＜.001		Adjusted R²=.31, F=35.59, p＜.001

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