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Abstract
Purpose
This prospective study was designed to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), voided volume, post void residual volume (PVRV), daytime frequency and nocturia in women over 40 years.
Methods
The sample comprised of 302 women over 40 years. The study lasted from February 2008 to November 2009. Data about daytime frequency and nocturia were gathered from 48 hour bladder diary. Further, a PVRV was assessed through a bladder ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and multiple regression.
Results
Although the prevalence of UI among the women was as high as 70.5%, the perception rate of UI was as low as 10.8%. Single voided volume of women without or with UI was 223 mL or 198 mL (p<.001), respectively; PVRV, 25.8 mL or 23.6 mL (p=.055); daytime frequency, 5.89 or 6.96 (p<.001); nocturia, 0.99 or 1.23 (p=.040). Age (ß=0.19, p=.001), single voided volume (ß=-0.16, p=.006), and nocturia (ß=0.12, p=.034) were associated with UI.
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Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Subjects (N=302)
| Variables | Group | x2 or U† | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal continence (n=89) | Urinary incontinence (n=213) | |||
| n (%) or M±SD (min~max) | n (%) or M±SD (min~max) | |||
| Age (year) | 63.7±12.3 (40~87) | 62.9±12.5 (40~86) | -0.66 | .508 |
| 40~49 | 11 (12.4) | 31 (14.6) | 1.04 | .904 |
| 50~59 | 23 (25.8) | 62 (29.1) | ||
| 60~69 | 24 (27.0) | 48 (22.5) | ||
| 70~79 | 20 (22.4) | 48 (22.5) | ||
| ≥80 | 11 (12.4) | 24 (11.3) | ||
| Body mass index | 23.1±2.93 (16~33) | 23.0±4.4 (16~29) | 0.12 | .887 |
| Education | 1.99 | .573 | ||
| Elementary school | 53 (59.6) | 112 (52.6) | ||
| Middle school | 13 (14.6) | 40 (18.8) | ||
| High school | 17 (19.1) | 50 (23.5) | ||
| College | 6 (6.7) | 11 (5.1) | ||
| Menopause | 0.44 | .507 | ||
| Yes | 72 (80.9) | 179 (84.0) | ||
| No | 17 (19.1) | 34 (16.0) | ||
| Alcohol | 1.22 | .270 | ||
| Yes | 7 (7.9) | 26 (12.2) | ||
| No | 82 (92.1) | 187 (87.8) | ||
| Operation of OBGY | ||||
| Yes | 24 (13.6) | 28 (4.5) | 0.54 | .464 |
| No | 152 (86.4) | 185 (95.5) | ||
| Delivery | 2.12 | .145 | ||
| Normal delivery | 89 (30.0) | 208 (97.7) | ||
| Caserean section | - | 5 (2.3) | ||
| UI score | 0.0±0.0 | 12.1±5.81 (1~53) | -13.90 | ＜.001 |
Table 2.
Single Urinary Volume, Post Void Residual Volume, Daytime Frequency and Nocturia according to Type of Urinary Incontinence (N=302)
| Variables | Urinary incontinence | U† | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=89) | Yes (n=213) | |||
| n (%) or M±SD (min~max) | n (%) or M±SD (min~max) | |||
| Single urinary volume (mL) | 222.9±59.4 (130~500) | 197.8±64.0 (50~500) | -4.23 | ＜.001 |
| ≤100 | 4 (4.5) | 11 (5.2) | ||
| 101~200 | 49 (55.1) | 131 (61.5) | ||
| 201~300 | 32 (35.9) | 58 (27.2) | ||
| ≥301 | 4 (4,5) | 13 (6.1) | ||
| Post void residual volume (mL) | 25.8±27.9 (2~180) | 23.6±37.0(2~317) | -1.92 | .055 |
| ≤50 | 78 (87.6) | 194 (91.1) | ||
| 51~100 | 7 (7.9) | 13 (6.1) | ||
| 101~150 | 3 (3.4) | 3 (1.4) | ||
| ≥151 | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.4) | ||
| Daytime frequency (fr) | 5.89±1.58 (4~10) | 6.96±2.33 (4~18) | -4.29 | ＜.001 |
| ≤7 | 74 (83.1) | 156 (73.2) | ||
| 8~10 | 15 (16.9) | 48 (22.5) | ||
| 11~13 | - | 5 (2.4) | ||
| ≥14 | - | 4 (1.9) | ||
| Nocturia (fr) | 0.99±0.85 (0~4) | 1.23±0.97 (0~4) | -2.05 | .040 |
| 0 | 24 (27.0) | 50 (23.5) | ||
| 1~2 | 56 (62.9) | 144 (67.6) | ||
| 3~4 | 9 (10.1) | 19 (8.9) | ||
Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics according to Type of Urinary Incontinence (N=213)
| Variables | Urinary incontinence type | F or H† | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stress (n=68)a | Urge (n=45)b | Mixed (n=100)c | |||
| M±SD (min~max) | M±SD (min~max) | M±SD (min~max) | |||
| Age (year) | 60.5±11.8 | 63.0±11.7 | 64.4±13.1 | 2.97 | .226 |
| (40~86) | (47~87) | (42~95) | |||
| Body mass index | 23.1±3.32 | 22.4±3.30 | 22.9±3.49 | 1.16 | .560 |
| (17~37) | (15~31) | (17~37) | |||
| Single urinary volume (mL) | 216.4±70.1 | 182.5±51.2 | 188.9±50.6 | 8.30 | .016 |
| (100~500) | (100~380) | (50~400) | a＞b, c | ||
| Residual volume (mL) | 20.1±22.6 | 21.6±47.8 | 25.1±35.6 | 4.37 | .113 |
| (2~129) | (4~79) | (2~306) | |||
| Daytime urinary frequency (fr) | 6.2±0.97 | 7.8±3.38 | 7.1±2.02 | 10.20 | .006 |
| (4~9) | (4~12) | (4~11) | a＜b, c | ||
| Nocturia (fr) | 0.97±0.93 | 1.27±1.18 | 1.38±0.86 | 9.10 | .011 |
| (0~4) | (0~4) | (0~4) | a＜b, c | ||
| Urinary incontinence (score) | 5.1±5.1 | 3.9±3.4 | 16.0±11.7 | 87.80 | ＜.001 |
| (1~26) | (1~17) | (2~53) | a, b＜c | ||
| Perception of Urinary incontinence | |||||
| Yes | 5 (7.4) | 5 (11.1) | 13 (13.0) | 1.35 | .510 |
| No | 63 (92.6) | 40 (88.9) | 63 (87.0) | ||
Table 4.
Correlation among Age, BMI, Single Urinary Volume, Post Void Residual Volume, Daytime Frequency, Nocturia and Urinary Incontinence Score (N=302)
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