Journal List > Korean J Adult Nurs > v.25(4) > 1076207

Kim, Lee, Kim, and Jeong: The Effect of Exercise Program on Pain, Daily Living Disability, and Depression in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Treated with Epidural Injections

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise program on chronic low back pain, daily living disability and depression in chronic low back pain patients treated with epidural injections.

Methods

The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The sample was recruited among low back pain patients treated with epidural injections from an orthopedic specialty hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n=25) or a comparison group (n=27). The treatment was a six week exercise program for low back pain. Data were collected from September to November 2011, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2-test, one-tailed t-test for independent samples, and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program.

Results

Patients in the treatment group reported statistically significantly lower levels of back pain on flexion and extension, less daily living disability, and less depression than those in the comparison group.

Conclusion

The back pain relief exercise program could be an effective adjunct nursing intervention for low back pain patients treated with epidural injections.

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Figure 1.
A twelve step exercise program.
kjan-25-454f1.tif
Table 1.
Homogeneity of General Characteristics (N=52)
Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=25) Cont. (n=27) x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 11 (44.0) 15 (55.6) 0.69 .405
Female 14 (56.0) 12 (44.4)
Age (year)   42.60±10.95 48.11±9.40 -1.95 .057
Education ≤Middle school 8 (32.0) 14 (51.9) 2.09 .171
≥High school 17 (68.0) 13 (48.1)
Spouse Yes 8 (32.0) 7 (25.9) 0.23 .629
No 17 (68.0) 20 (74.1)
Occupation Yes 18 (72.0) 17 (63.0) 0.48 .488
No 7 (28.0) 10 (37.0)
Standing at work (hour)   5.12±3.63 5.14±3.91 -0.02 .979
Sitting at work (hour)   4.72±3.15 4.22±2.93 0.58 .559
Hypertension Yes 5 (20.0) 6 (22.2) 0.03 .845
No 20 (22.2) 21 (77.8)
Diabetes mellitus Yes 2 (8.0) 4 (14.8) 0.59 .442
No 23 (92.0) 23 (85.2)
Arthritis Yes 3 (12.0) 4 (14.8) 0.08 1.000
No 22 (88.0) 23 (85.2)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Fisher's exact test.

Table 2.
Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=52)
Variables Exp. (n=25) Cont. (n=27) t or Z p
M±SD M±SD
Pain on extension 6.72±1.84 6.06±1.94 1.26 .106
Pain on flexion 6.74±1.66 6.14±1.93 1.20 .117
Daily living disability 30.84±4.36 30.37±4.27 0.39 .347
Depression 25.96±8.42 25.40±6.53 -0.30 .381

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Mann-Witney U test.

Table 3.
Comparison of Pain, Daily Life Disability, and Depression between Two Groups (N=52)
Variables Group Pre Post Difference t p
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Pain on extension Exp. (n=25) 6.72±1.84 1.86±1.04 -4.86±1.77 -2.32 .012
Cont. (n=27) 6.06±1.94 2.37±.944 -3.69±1.85
Pain on flexion Exp. (n=25) 6.74±1.66 1.74±1.10 -5.00±1.88 -2.37 .010
Cont. (n=27) 6.14±1.93 2.43±.937 -3.70±2.04
Daily life disability Exp. (n=25) 30.84±4.36 13.95±4.51 -16.88±6.01 -2.41 010
Cont. (n=27) 30.37±4.27 17.61±5.07 -12.75±6.30
Depression Exp. (n=25) 25.96±8.42 14.56±3.94 -11.40±6.22 -3.13 .002
Cont. (n=27) 25.40±6.53 18.37±4.26 -7.03±3.54

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

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