Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Hyo Youl Kim

doi:10.3947/ic.2009.41.6.323

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Kim: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Review Article

Infection and Chemotherapy

Infection and Chemotherapy 2009; 41(6): 323-332.

Published online: 31 December 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2009.41.6.323

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Hyo Youl Kim, M.D.

Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hyo Youl Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-701, Korea. Tel: +82-33-741-1206, Fax: +82-33-748-1206, hyksos@yonsei.ac.kr

Received 19 September 2009

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute febrile illness caused by Eurasian hantaviruses and characterized by renal insufficiency, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, and shock. Each hantavirus is primarily associated with a single rodent host species or genus, and is transmitted to human via aerosols of rodent excreta. During the last decades, clinical features of HFRS in Korea have changed with mild degree of hypotension and very low prevalence of oliguria. Treatment of HFRS is mainly supportive. Recently, however, treatment of HFRS patients with ribavirin in China and Korea, within 7 days after the onset of fever, resulted in a reduced mortality as well as shortened course of illness. Although a commercial inactivated Hantaan virus vaccine has been on the market in Korea for more than 15 years, the effect of vaccination is not clear. Further efforts are necessary to develop safer and more effective hantavirus vaccines.

Keywords: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Hantavirus, Hantaan virus

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Reported cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by year in Korea (Data source: Korea centers for disease control and prevention).

Figure 2

Schematic representation of hantavirus morphology. The single-stranded RNA segments S (small), M (medium), and L (large) are encoded for the nucleocapsid protein, the glycoprotein G1 and G2, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively.

Table 1

Main Natural Reservoirs and Geographic Distribution of Hantaviruses

Abbreviations: HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; HPS, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; NE, nephropathia epidemica

Table 2

Hantavirus Vaccines Tested in Humans

Abbreviations: HTNV, Hantaan virus; SEOV, Seoul virus; PUUV, Puumala virus

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