Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes and Type Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Non-tertiary Hospitals

Young-Hee Jung; Kwang Wook Kim; Jeong Ok Cha; Kyeong Min Lee; Jae Il Yoo; Jeong Sik Yoo; Bong Su Kim; Young Ju Oh; Hye Ryoung Yoon; Yeong Seon Lee

doi:10.3947/ic.2008.40.1.32

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Jung, Kim, Cha, Lee, Yoo, Yoo, Kim, Oh, Yoon, and Lee: Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes and Type Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Non-tertiary Hospitals

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Infection and Chemotherapy

Infection and Chemotherapy 2008; 40(1): 32-39.

Published online: 29 February 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2008.40.1.32

Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes and Type Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Non-tertiary Hospitals

Young-Hee Jung¹, Kwang Wook Kim¹, Jeong Ok Cha¹, Kyeong Min Lee¹, Jae Il Yoo¹, Jeong Sik Yoo¹, Bong Su Kim², Young Ju Oh³, Hye Ryoung Yoon⁴, Yeong Seon Lee¹

¹Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health Korea CDC, Korea.

²Division of Biodefense Research, Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health Korea CDC, Korea.

³Green Cross Reference Lab, Korea.

⁴Seoul Clinical Loboratories, Korea.

Correspondence: eong Seon Lee Division of Antimicrobial Resistancer, Center for Infections Disease, National Institute of Health, Korea CDC, 194. Tongul Lo, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul, 122 -701, Korea. Tel:82-2-380-2121, Fax:82-2-380-1550, yslee07@nih.go.kr

Received 15 October 2007 Accepted 15 February 2008

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Many genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) on transposon or plasmid were transferred from one strain to another strain and inserted into a staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). There are very diverse subtypes in SCCmec type to the insertion of resistant genes. Therefore, we researched the resistance rates of antibiotics and distribution of AME genes according to SCCmec type in MRSA strains.

Materials and Methods

We isolated 640 Staphylococcus aureus from non-tertiary hospitals in 2004, detected mecA, aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia using the multiplex PCR method, tested antibacterial susceptibility disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration, and determined SCCmec type.

Results

Of 640 S. aureus isolates, MRSA rate was 39.7% and all MRSA isolates carried mecA gene. Among 214 MRSA selected, aminoglycoside-resistant rates were 98.1% in kanamycin and tobramycin, 68.7% in gentamicin, 30.8% in amikacin, and 2.8% in netilmicin. The detection rates for aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia were 77.1%, 13.1%, and 53.3%, respectively. Also, SCCmec type was 50.9% in SCCmec type II, 16.4% in type III, and 32.7% in type IV. The genes encoding AMEs were distributed aac(6')-aph(2") (49.5%) and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia (36.7%) in SCCmec type II, aph(3')-IIIa/aac(6')-aph(2") (60%) and aac(6')-aph(2") (31.4%) in type III, and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia (41.4%) and ant(4')-Ia (50%) in type IV.

Conclusion

39.7% of S. aureus isolated from non-tertiary hospitals was resistant to methicillin. More than 90% of MRSA isolates were detected aac(6')-aph(2") in SCCmec type II and III, and ant(4')-Ia in type IV. With these results, the genes encoding AMEs may be closed related to SCCmec type.

Keywords: Aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, SCCmec, Methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Primer Sequences for Detection of Resistant Genes

Table 2

Antimicrobial Resistant Rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Against Several Antibiotics from 146 Non-tertiary Hospitals

Table 3

Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes, Antimicrobial Resistant Rate Against Aminogly-Coside in 214 MRSA Isolates

Abbreviations:AM, amikacin; Gm, gentamicin; Net, netilmicin; Km, kanamycin; NN, tobramycin

Table 4

Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes According to the Hospitals

Table 5

SCCmec Types and MICs for Oxacillin in MRSA Isolates from Non-tertiary Hospitals

Table 6

Antimicrobial Resistant Rates of 214 MRSA by SCCmec Types

Table 7

Distribution of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes by SCCmec Types

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