Despite various national policies aimed at resolving the problems of low birth rates and aging society, the number of newborn babies in South Korea continues to decline. On the other hand, the birth rates of high-risk newborn babies are increasing. With the increase in survival rates, the burden of medical expenses is increasing in high-risk infants. Beginning in 2016, the 3rd national plan for aging society and population reinforces social responsibility for birth and nurture, focusing on easing the burden of intensive care on newborn babies. Thus, the Korean Society of Neonatology along with related organizations proposed and implemented policies to reduce the burden of medical expenses of high-risk infants. The Korean Society of Neonatology will continue the important role to analyze the burden of neonatal medical health care expenses and to establish the effective and efficient health care system for high-risk newborn babies.