Sanghyun Hahn; Yun Ho Kim; Hyung Suk Seo

doi:10.13104/imri.2017.21.2.102

Journal List > Investig Magn Reson Imaging > v.21(2) > 1070298

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Hahn, Kim, and Seo: Immediate Decrease in γ-AminoButyric Acid after Caffeine Intake in Adolescents: a Preliminary MRS Study

Case Report

iMRI 2017;21(2):102-105.

Published online: 5 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13104/imri.2017.21.2.102

Immediate Decrease in γ-AminoButyric Acid after Caffeine Intake in Adolescents: a Preliminary MRS Study

Sanghyun Hahn¹, Yun Ho Kim¹, Hyung Suk Seo²

¹Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea

²Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea

Correspondence to: Hyung Suk Seo, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgum-ro 123, Gojan-dong, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea. Tel. +82-31-412-5160 Fax. +82-31-412-5802 E-mail: seohs@korea.ac.kr

Received 8 March 201727 March 2017 Accepted 11 April 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

In adolescents, sleep deprivation problem is getting worse, and increased caffeine consumption is considered to relieve the stress caused by sleep deprivation and academic burden. In this study, immediate neurologic effects of caffeine intake on adolescents were evaluated in three high school students using the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/creatine ratio on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MEGA-PRESS MRS and TE 135 ms single voxel MRS were performed in the anterior cingulate cortex before and after drinking a cup of coffee, which contained 104 mg of caffeine. GABA and creatine were measured on LCModel 6.3, respectively. In all three students, GABA/creatine ratios were decreased after caffeine intake. The GABA/creatine ratios obtained before caffeine intake were decreased after caffeine intake in all the three adolescents. In this preliminary study, caffeine intake caused an immediate decrease in the GABA/creatine ratio in the brain and it may be related to the neurologic effects of caffeine on an adolescent's brain.

Keywords: Gamma aminobutyric acid, Brain, Caffeine, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

REFERENCES

1. Kim MH, Choi JC, Lim HS, et al. Assessment of caffeine intake from foods. Food safety management. Seoul: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety;2014.

2. Shi D, Nikodijevic O, Jacobson KA, Daly JW. Chronic caffeine alters the density of adenosine, adrenergic, cholinergic, GABA, and serotonin receptors and calcium channels in mouse brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1993; 13:247–261.

3. Schur RR, Draisma LW, Wijnen JP, et al. Brain GABA levels across psychiatric disorders: A systematic literature review and metaanalysis of (1) H-MRS studies. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016; 37:3337–3352.

4. Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000; 4:215–222.

5. Mullins PG, McGonigle DJ, O'Gorman RL, et al. Current practice in the use of MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy for the detection of GABA. Neuroimage. 2014; 86:43–52.

6. Doelken MT, Hammen T, Bogner W, et al. Alterations of intracerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels by titration with levetiracetam in patients with focal epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2010; 51:1477–1482.

7. O'Gorman RL, Michels L, Edden RA, Murdoch JB, Martin E. In vivo detection of GABA and glutamate with MEGA-PRESS: reproducibility and gender effects. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011; 33:1262–1267.

8. Stevens FL, Hurley RA, Taber KH. Anterior cingulate cortex: unique role in cognition and emotion. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011; 23:121–125.

Fig. 1.

Measurement of the GABA/creatine ratio on brain MRS (Subject 1). (a) Brain MRS for measuring GABA at the anterior cingulate cortex. (b) GABA rate before caffeine intake. (c) GABA rate after caffeine intake. (d) Creatine before caffeine intake. (e) Creatine after caffeine intake.

Table 1.

Changes in Vital Signs in Three Subjects Before and After Caffeine Intake

Subjects	Before caffeine intake					After caffeine intake
Subjects	Maximal blood pressure (mmHg)	Minimal blood p pressure (mmHg)	Heart rate per minute t	Body emperature (°C)	Oxygen saturation (%)	Maximal blood pressure (mmHg)	Minimal blood p pressure (mmHg)	Heart rate per minute t	Body emperature (°C)	Oxygen saturation (%)
1	102	58	61	36.6	99	113	66	65	36.8	100
2	101	64	78	36.6	98	104	68	75	37.0	100
3	125	60	70	36.1	97	139	62	72	36.5	100
Mean	109.3	60.7	69.7	36.4	98	118.7	65.3	70.7	36.8	100

Table 2.

Changes in the GABA/Creatine Ratio in Three Subjects Before and After Caffeine Intake

Subjects	Before caffeine intake			After caffeine intake
Subjects	GABA	Creatine	GABA/creatine ratio	GABA	Creatine G	ABA/creatine ratio
1	2.382	6.71	0.3549925	2.037	7.11	0.2864979
2	2.774	7.56	0.3669312	2.930	8.46	0.3463357
3	2.415	8.53	0.2831184	1.838	8.37	0.2195938
Mean	2.524	7.60	0.3350141	2.268	7.98	0.2841425
Standard deviation	0.217422	0.91065910	0.0453376	0.5815946	0.7547847	0.0634038

GABA = Gamma aminobutyric acid

TOOLS

Similar articles