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Kim, Lim, Chang, and Song: Effect of 5alpha-Reductase Inhibitor in Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients
Original Article
Korean Journal of Urology

Korean Journal of Urology 2006; 47(11): 1178-1184.

Published online: 30 November 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2006.47.11.1178

Effect of 5alpha-Reductase Inhibitor in Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients

Hong Wook Kim, Je Soo Lim1, Young Seop Chang, Ki Hak Song

Department of Urology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

1Myeonggok Clinical Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

Corresponding author (urosong@kyuh.co.kr)

Received 15 May 2006       Accepted 9 October 2006

Copyright © 2006 The Korean Urological Association

Abstract

Purpose

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a member of the superfamily of polypeptides, which control cell cycle progression and a variety of other cellular activities. TGF-β1 has been implicated as an effector of the induction of apoptosis in response to 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) and; therefore, causes a decrease in the prostate volume. We investigated the effect of 5ARI in the expression of TGF-β1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods

50 patients diagnosed with BPH were divided into two groups. The control group (n=30), in which a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed without medication, and the 5ARI group (n=20), who were administrated with 5 mg of 5ARI daily for at least 3 months, followed by TURP. The resected specimens were stained with anti-rabbit TGF-β1 polyclonal antibody using immunofluoroscent staining. The expression of TGF-β1 was analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope and an image analyzer. The mRNA level of TGF-β1 was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results

There were no statistical differences in the patient characteristics, including age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate volume, between the two groups. The expression of TGF-β1 was demonstrated in the luminal epithelium and smooth muscle cells in BPH. TGF-β1 was more strongly expressed in the luminal epithelium of both groups, and in the 5ARI group than the control (p<0.001).

Conclusions

These results suggest that 5ARI up-regulates the expression of TGF-β1 in BPH patients, and may a play role as an inhibitor in the proliferation of BPH through the TGF-β1 signal pathway.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 5alpha-reductase, Transforming growth factor-β1

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Immunofluoroscent staining of TGF-β1 in the control and 5ARI groups (×400). (A), (D): DAPI staining of the nucleus in BPH specimens. (B), (E): the 5ARI group shows stronger expression of TGF-β1 than the control group. The gland area (arrow) expresses stronger TGF-β1 immunoactivity than the stromal area (arrowhead) in the 5ARI group. (C), (F): merged image of TGF-β1 (A-C: 5ARI group. D-F: control group.). 5ARI: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, TGF: transforming growth factor, BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Fig. 2
The intensity of TGF-β1 in the immunofluoroscent staining. The glandular area expresses stronger TGF-β1 immunoactivity than the stromal area in both the control and 5ARI groups (p<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 is not significantly stronger in the stroma of the control group (p>0.05). There is a significantly stronger expression of TGF-β1 in the gland of the 5ARI group (p<0.05). The total intensity of TGF-β1 expression in the 5ARI group is stronger than in the control group (p<0.05). *,†: p<0.05. 5ARI: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1.
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Fig. 3
Expression of TGF-β1 mRNA is increased in the 5ARI compared to the control group (M: marker, 1-4: control group, 5-8: 5ARI group). 5ARI: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1.
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Table 1
Primer sequence for RT-PCR
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RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-beta 1

Table 2
Summary of patient characteristics
kju-47-1178-i002

5ARI: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, S-PSA: serum-prostate specific antigen

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