PURPOSE: To compare modified small bowel follow-through (SBFT) using methylcellulose after the administrationof barium suspension with a conventional series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate small bowelpathology, modified SBFT was performed in 155 patients during a 15 month period. All patients received 600mL ofmethylcellulose ; 98 had taken 250mL of 40% wt/vol barium suspension and 57 had taken 150mL of 70% barium. For thegroup of 98, the barium suspension was prepared by mixing barium powder with water (n=46) or with methylcellulosein(n=52). For comparison with a modified series, 49 patients who underwent conventional SBFT using 500mL of 40%wt/vol barium were lso included. Image quality was rated by three radiologists as "poor", "fair", "good", or"excellent". We analyzed the relationship between image quality, transit time and small bowel pathology;the sensitivity and specificity of each technique was also determined. RESULT: Among the four techniques, modifiedSBFT with 250mL of 40% wt/vol barium suspension, prepared by mixing barium powder with methylcellulose, showed thebest image quality ["excellent" result in 33 of the 52 patients (63%)] and shortest transit time to the cecum. Thehigh image quality of this technique was not affected by the presence of small bowel pathology;its use resulted inthe lowest incidence and slowest development of flocculation. The sensitivity (91-95%) of the three modified SBFTprocedures was superior to that of a conventional series(76%), but there was no difference in specificity. CONCLUSION: Modified SBFT using methylcellulose after administering barium suspension with barium powder as amixing agent is a simple technique. Its use easily improves the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of peroralSBFT.