PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term immediate effects of balloon dilatation of the tuberculous bronchial stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three women with tuberculous bronchial stenosis (19, left main bronchus ; 4, right main bronchus) underwent balloon dilatation (13 bronchoscopically guided ; 10 fluoroscopically guided). Immediate (n=23) and long-term follow-up (mean, 17.2 months; range, 1 month-6years 3 months; n=20) assessments focused on changes in the results of the pulmonary function test (PFT). An increase in FVC or FEVI of more than 10% after the procedure was considered effective. in all patients, any complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Balloon dilatation was effective at immediate follow-up in 69.5% of patients(16/23) and in 75.0%(15/20) atlong-term follow-up. Bronchoscopically and fluoroscopically-guided balloon dilatation proved effective in 61/5%(8/13) and 80.0% of patients (8/10) on immediate follow-up respectively, but in 90.0%(9/10) and 60/0%(6/10)on long term folow-up respectively. Balloon dilatation was effective in the active(n=10) and inactive(n=13) stage of tuberculous bronchitis in 80.0%(8/10) and 61.5% of cases(8/13) on immediate follow-up respectively, but in 66.6%(6/9) and 81.8%(9/11) on long term follow-up study, respectively. CONCLUSION: On immediate follow-up, balloon dilatation of tubular bronchial stenosis was more effective in the active than in the inactive stage, buton long-term foolow-up was less effective; long-term improvement in the inactive stage was, however, well-maintained.