REFERENCES
1. Liu CC, Kao AH, Manzi S, Ahearn JM. Biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: challenges and prospects for the future. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2013; 5:210–33.
2. Reveille JD. Predictive value of autoantibodies for activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2004; 13:290–7.
3. Lateef A, Petri M. Unmet medical needs in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14(Suppl 4):S4.
4. Ahearn JM, Liu CC, Kao AH, Manzi S. Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus. Transl Res. 2012; 159:326–42.
5. Biesen R, Rose T, Hoyer BF, Alexander T, Hiepe F. Autoantibodies, complement and type I interferon as biomarkers for personalized medicine in SLE. Lupus. 2016; 25:823–9.
6. Yaniv G, Twig G, Shor DB, Furer A, Sherer Y, Mozes O, et al. A volcanic explosion of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a diversity of 180 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2015; 14:75–9.
7. Keith MP, Moratz C, Tsokos GC. Anti-RNP immunity: implications for tissue injury and the pathogenesis of connective tissue disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2007; 6:232–6.
8. Kattah NH, Kattah MG, Utz PJ. The U1-snRNP complex: structural properties relating to autoimmune pathogenesis in rheumatic diseases. Immunol Rev. 2010; 233:126–45.
9. Migliorini P, Baldini C, Rocchi V, Bombardieri S. Anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies. Autoimmunity. 2005; 38:47–54.
10. Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV, Scofield RH, Dennis GJ, James JA, et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349:1526–33.
11. Cozzani E, Drosera M, Gasparini G, Parodi A. Serology of lupus erythematosus: correlation between immunopathological features and clinical aspects. Autoimmune Dis. 2014; 2014; 321359.
12. Reichlin M, Van Venrooij WJ. Autoantibodies to the URNP particles: relationship to clinical diagnosis and nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991; 83:286–90.
13. Tang X, Huang Y, Deng W, Tang L, Weng W, Zhang X. Clinical and serologic correlations and autoantibody clus-ters in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective review of 917 patients in South China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010; 89:62–7.
14. Burdt MA, Hoffman RW, Deutscher SL, Wang GS, Johnson JC, Sharp GC. Long-term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: longitudinal clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42:899–909.
15. Mohan C, Assassi S. Biomarkers in rheumatic diseases: how can they facilitate diagnosis and assessment of disease activity? BMJ. 2015; 351:h5079.
16. Kim DS, Pyo JY, Byun SJ, Ahn SS, Song J, Park YB, et al. The presence of anti-ribonucleoprotein at diagnosis is associated with the flare during the first follow-up year in korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatic Dis. 2016; 23:154–60.
17. Cappelli S, Bellando Randone S, Martinović D, Tamas MM, Pasalić K, Allanore Y, et al. “To be or not to be,” ten years after: evidence for mixed connective tissue disease as a distinct entity. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 41:589–98.
18. Ravirajan CT, Rowse L, MacGowan JR, Isenberg DA. An analysis of clinical disease activity and nephritis-associated serum autoantibody profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001; 40:1405–12.
19. Su D, Liu R, Li X, Sun L. Possible novel biomarkers of organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 33:1025–31.