Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chang-Hee Suh

doi:10.4078/jrd.2014.21.4.173

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Suh: Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Editorial

J Rheum Dis 2014;21(4):173-175.

Published online: 31 October 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2014.21.4.173

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chang-Hee Suh

Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

Corresponding to: Chang-Hee Suh, Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea. E-mail: chsuh@ajou.ac.kr

Received 4 August 2014 Revised 21 August 2014 Accepted 21 August 2014

This is a Free Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

REFERENCES

1. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:266–81.

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5. Avina-Zubieta JA, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, Lehman AJ, Lacaille D. Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71:1524–9.

6. Baker JF, Mehta NN, Baker DG, Toedter G, Shults J, Von Feldt JM, et al. Vitamin D, metabolic dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 2012; 125:1036.e9-1036.e15.

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8. Goshayeshi L, Saber H, Sahebari M, Rezaieyazdi Z, Rafatpanah H, Esmaily H, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome, BMI, and serum vitamin D concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012; 31:1197–203.

9. Ranganathan P, Khalatbari S, Yalavarthi S, Marder W, Brook R, Kaplan MJ. Vitamin D deficiency, interleukin 17, and vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2013; 40:1529–34.

10. Park JM, Lee SG, Park EK, Lee DS, Baek SM, Hwang KL, et al. Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheum Dis. 2014; 21:132–9.

Table 1.

Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis

Authors	No.	Age (years)	Study site	25(OH) D level (ng/mL)	Vitamin D def. (%)*	Essential findings
Baker et al.	499	49.5±12.4	Global	20.7 (14.5∼28.2)^†	48	25(OH) D is associated inversely with LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride
						Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased odds of hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome
Haque et al.	179	61.0±8.0	Baltimore, USA	34.0±10.0	73 (＜30 ng/mL)	25(OH) D is associated with HDL-cholesterol and inversely associated with E-selectin and sICAM-1
Goshayeshi et al.	120	45.5±14.2	Iran	27.1±13.6	46	25(OH) D is associated negatively with BMI
					72 (＜30 ng/mL)	25(OH) D is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome
Ranganathan et al.	87	55.2±12.1	Missouri & Michigan, USA	27.1±13.6	25	25(OH) D is inversely associated with IL-17
					59 (＜30 ng/mL)	In vitamin D-deficient patients, 25(OH) D is positively associated with microvascular function
Park et al.	50	56.0±11.2	Busan, Korea	14.0 (11.0∼20.7)^†	37	Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased CIMT in female patients

25(OH) D: 25 hydroxyvitamin D, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: highdensity lipoprotein, ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule, BMI: body mass index, IL: interleukin, CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.

^* Vitamin D deficiency; 25(OH)D ＜20 ng/mL.

^† Interquartile range.

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