Journal List > J Rheum Dis > v.19(6) > 1063999

Baek: New Medical Professionalism

Abstract

The practice of medicine today is beset with unprecedented challenges which include public distrust in medical profession, increasing market force and strengthened management. Recently medical professional societies in UK & USA are overcoming these challenges in the way that medical professionalism is modernized in a changing society. They set 'a physician charter' and new definition of medical professionalism as a partnership. The principles of new medical professionalism are patient welfare, patient autonomy and social justice. It describes doctors' commitment to integrity, compassion, altruism, continuous improvement, excellence, working in partnership, just distribution of finite resources, maintaining trust by managing conflicts of interest and others. New professionalism support improvement of health care system for the welfare of society and the collective human dignity. Experience of rebuilding medical professionalism in UK and USA will give a lesson to Korean medical profession when they seek for solution to restore public confidence and take the leadership in Korean healthcare system.

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter (41,42)
jrd-19-316-i001
Table 2
Notions of new professionalism defined by RCP (19)
jrd-19-316-i002

References

1. Rowley BD, Baldwin DC Jr, Bay RC, Karpman RR. Professionalism and professional values in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000. 378:90–96.
2. ACS Task Force on Professionalism. Code of professional conduct. J Am Coll Surg. 2003. 197:603–604.
3. Kearney RA. Defining professionalism in anaesthesiology. Med Educ. 2005. 39:769–776.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Bioethics. Fallat ME, Glover J. Professionalism in pediatrics: statement of principles. Pediatrics. 2007. 120:895–897.
5. Park H. Society and Health Care. J Korean Med Assoc. 2005. 48:302–306.
6. Jones IR. Scambler G, editor. Health Profession. Sociology as applied to medicine. 2003. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Saunders;235–247.
7. Wynia MK, Latham SR, Kao AC, Berg JW, Emanuel LL. Medical professionalism in society. N Engl J Med. 1999. 341:1612–1616.
8. Nettleton S. HJ Cho . The Sociology of Health and Illness. 1997. Seoul: Hanul;249. (Original work published in 1995).
9. Freidson E. Professional dominance: the social structure of medicalcare. 1970. Chicago: Aldine.
10. Larson MS. The rise of professionalism: a sociological analysis. 1977. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11. Starr P. The social transformation of American medicine. 1982. New York: Basic Books.
12. Krause EA. Death of the guilds: professions, states, and the advanceof capitalism, 1930 to the present. 1996. New Haven: Yale University Press.
13. Johnson T. Professions and Power. 1972. London: Macmillan Press.
14. Illich I. Limits to Medicine: Medical Nemesis. The Expropriation of Health. 1977. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
15. Johnson T. Johnson T, Larkin G, Saks M, editors. Governmentality and the Institutionalization of Expertise. Health Professions and the State in Europe. 1996. London: Routledge.
16. Curry R. Medicine for sale. 1992. Knoxville: Grand Rounds Press.
17. Sullivan WM. What is left of professionalism after managed care? Hastings Cent Rep. 1999. 29:7–13.
18. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Johnston SE. Professionalism and medicine's social contract. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000. 82-A:1189–1194.
19. Royal College of Physicians. Doctors in society: medical professionalism in a changing world. Report of a Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 2005. London: RCP.
20. Dunning AJ. Status of the doctor--present and future. Lancet. 1999. 354:Suppl. SIV18.
21. Irvine D. The performance of doctors. I: Professionalism and self regulation in a changing world. BMJ. 1997. 314:1540–1542.
22. Irvine D. The performance of doctors: the new professionalism. Lancet. 1999. 353:1174–1177.
23. Mechanic D, Schlesinger M. The impact of managed care on patients' trust in medical care and their physicians. JAMA. 1996. 275:1693–1697.
24. Kao AC, Green DC, Zaslavsky AM, Koplan JP, Cleary PD. The relationship between method of physician payment and patient trust. JAMA. 1998. 280:1708–1714.
25. Zuger A. Dissatisfaction with medical practice. N Engl J Med. 2004. 350:69–75.
26. Relman AS. Medical professionalism in a commercialized health care market. JAMA. 2007. 298:2668–2670.
27. Rothman DJ. Medical professionalism--focusing on the real issues. N Engl J Med. 2000. 342:1284–1286.
28. Kassirer JP. Managed care and the morality of the marketplace. N Engl J Med. 1995. 333:50–52.
29. Grumbach K, Osmond D, Vranizan K, Jaffe D, Bindman AB. Primary care physicians' experience of financial incentives in managed-care systems. N Engl J Med. 1998. 339:1516–1521.
30. Feldman DS, Novack DH, Gracely E. Effects of managed care on physician-patient relationships, quality of care, and the ethical practice of medicine: a physician survey. Arch Intern Med. 1998. 158:1626–1632.
31. Wine CJ, O'Hair HD. Factors which influence physicians to join labor unions. J Okla State Med Assoc. 2004. 97:114–117.
32. Bodenheimer T. Primary care--will it survive? N Engl J Med. 2006. 355:861–864.
33. British Medical Association. Core values for the medical profession in the 21st century: survey report. 1995. London: BMA.
34. Allen I. Committed but critical: an examination of young doctors' views of their core values. 1997. London: BMA.
35. Freidson E. Professionalism reborn: theory, prophecy, and policy. 1994. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Mohlenbrock WC. Value-based health care. Part I: Physicians reestablishing clinical autonomy. Physician Exec. 1998. 24:26–29.
37. Swick HM. Toward a normative definition of medical professionalism. Acad Med. 2000. 75:612–616.
38. Association of American Medical Colleges. Learning objectives for medical student education--guidelines for medical schools: report I of the Medical School Objectives Project. Acad Med. 1999. 74:13–18.
39. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Johnston SE. Renewing professionalism: an opportunity for medicine. Acad Med. 1999. 74:878–884.
40. American Board of Internal Medicine. Project professionalism. 2001. Philadelphia: ABIM Communications.
41. Medical Professionalism Project. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physicians' charter. Lancet. 2002. 359:520–522.
42. ABIM Foundation. American Board of Internal Medicine. ACP-ASIM Foundation. American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. European Federation of Internal Medicine. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002. 136:243–246.
43. Cassel CK, Hood V, Bauer W. A physician charter: the 10th anniversary. Ann Intern Med. 2012. 157:290–291.
44. Royal College of Physicians. Doctors insociety: medical professionalism in a changing world. Technical supplement to a report of a Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 2005. London: RCP.
45. Cohen JJ, Cruess S, Davidson C. Alliance between society and medicine: the public's stake in medical professionalism. JAMA. 2007. 298:670–673.
46. Armstrong D. Medicine as a profession: times of change. BMJ. 1990. 301:691–693.
47. General Medical Council. Good medical practice. 1998. 2nd ed. London: General Medical Council.
48. Department of Health. The report of the public inquiry into children's heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1984-1995: Learning from Bristol. 2001. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
49. Department of Health. The Report of The Royal Liverpool Children's Inquiry. 2001. London: Majesty's Stationery Office.
50. Rosen R, Dewar S. On being a doctor: redefining medical professionalism for better patient care. 2004. London: King's Fund.
51. General Medical Council. Good medical practice. 2006. 4th ed. London: General Medical Council.
52. Cheong YS. Medical Professionalism and Clinical Autonomy in Korea. Korean J Med Ethics Educ. 2004. 7:141–150.
53. Kwon I. The meaning of medical professionalism for the faculty members of medical school and university hospitals in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc. 2011. 54:1146–1153.
54. Park HJ. The concept of medical professionalism as for self-employed physicians in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc. 2011. 54:1154–1163.
TOOLS
Similar articles