Journal List > J Rheum Dis > v.19(6) > 1063998

TOOLS
Kim: Chronic Arthritis in Childhood
Review Article
Journal of Rheumatic Diseases

Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 19(6): 307-315.

Published online: 31 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2012.19.6.307

Chronic Arthritis in Childhood

Kwang Nam Kim

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.

Corresponding to: Kwang Nam Kim, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyeongchon-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang 431-070, Korea. kwangnamkim@naver.com

Received 25 April 2012       Revised 30 August 2012       Accepted 30 November 2012

Copyright © 2012 by The Korean College of Rheumatology

(free-access):

This is a Free Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Chronic arthritis, the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, is one of the most frequent chronic illness of children and an important cause of short and long term disability. It is not a single disease, but a group of related, genetically heterogeneous, phenotypically diverse immunoinflammatory disorders that affect the joints and other structures, possibly activated by contact with external antigens. Since its introduction in 1994, the term Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has largely supplanted the terms Juvenile Chronic Arthritis and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. However, it is necessary to understand the older classifications in order to interpret the literature on the subject. Each subtype of JIA is to provide a general introduction.

Keywords: JIA, JCA, JRA

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Comparison of EULAR, ACR, and ILAR criteria for classification of chronic arthritis of childhood
jrd-19-307-i001

ACR: American College of Rheumatology, EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism, ILAR: International League of Associations for Rheumatology, JAS: juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, JPsA: juvenile psoriatic arthritis

Table 2
Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
jrd-19-307-i002

Modified from Cassidy JT, Levinson JE, Bass JC. A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:274-81

Table 3
Criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA)
jrd-19-307-i003

From EULAR Bulletin 4: Nomenclature and Classification of arthritis in children, 1977, Basel, National Zeitung AG

Table 4
Proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): Durban, 1997
jrd-19-307-i004

From Petty RE, Southvvood TR, Baum J. Revision of the classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1988;25:1991-4

Table 5
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) diagnostic criteria
jrd-19-307-i005

From Petty RE, Southvvood TR, Baum J. Revision of the classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1988;25:1991-4

Table 6
The main clinical and laboratory features of macrophage activation syndrome
jrd-19-307-i006
Table 7
ILAR criteria for the classification of the polyarthritis JIA subtype
jrd-19-307-i007

From Petty RE, Southvvood TR, Baum J. Revision of the classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1988;25:1991-4

Table 8
Classification of oligoarthritis (ILAR criteria)
jrd-19-307-i008

From Petty RE, Southvvood TR, Baum J. Revision of the classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1988;25:1991-4

References

1. Cassidy JT, Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB. Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology. 2011. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;211–235.
2. European League Against Rheumatism. EULAR Bulletin no. 4: nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children. 1977. Basel: National Zeitung AG.
3. Fink CW. Proposal for the development of classification criteria for idiopathic arthritides of childhood. J Rheumatol. 1995. 22:1566–1569.
4. Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004. 31:390–392.
5. Fantini F. Classification of chronic arthritides of childhood (juvenile idiopathic arthritis): criticisms and suggestions to improve the efficacy of the Santiago-Durban criteria. J Rheumatol. 2001. 28:456–459.
6. Danner S, Sordet C, Terzic J, Donato L, Velten M, Fischbach M, et al. Epidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Alsace, France. J Rheumatol. 2006. 33:1377–1381.
7. Jarvis JN, Jiang K, Frank MB, Knowlton N, Aggarwal A, Wallace CA, et al. Gene expression profiling in neutrophils from children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009. 60:1488–1495.
8. Avcin T, Cimaz R, Falcini F, Zulian F, Martini G, Simonini G, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002. 61:608–611.
9. Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Moore TL, Hendrix MJ. Reduced levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the serum and synovial fluid of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients correlates with disease severity. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1998. 16:753–756.
10. Da Silva JA, Larbre JP, Spector TD, Perry LA, Scott DL, Willoughby DA. Protective effect of androgens against inflammation induced cartilage degradation in male rodents. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993. 52:285–291.
11. Chikanza IC, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. The influence of the hormonal system on pediatric rheumatic diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000. 26:911–925.
12. Weibel RE, Benor DE. Chronic arthropathy and musculoskeletal symptoms associated with rubella vaccines. A review of 124 claims submitted to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Arthritis Rheum. 1996. 39:1529–1534.
13. Oen K, Fast M, Postl B. Epidemiology of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Manitoba, Canada, 1975-92: cycles in incidence. J Rheumatol. 1995. 22:745–750.
14. Donn RP, Farhan A, Stevans A, Ramanan A, Ollier WE, Thomson W. British Paediatric Rheumatology Study Group. Neuroendocrine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002. 41:930–936.
15. Clemens LE, Albert E, Ansell BM. Sibling pairs affected by chronic arthritis of childhood: evidence for a genetic predisposition. J Rheumatol. 1985. 12:108–113.
16. van Rossum M, van Soesbergen R, de Kort S, ten Cate R, Zwinderman AH, de Jong B, et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003. 30:825–828.
17. Aggarwal A, Bhardwaj A, Alam S, Misra R. Evidence for activation of the alternate complement pathway in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000. 39:189–192.
18. Moore TL. Immunopathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1999. 11:377–383.
19. De Benedetti F, Vivarelli M, Pignatti P, Oliveri M, Massa M, Pistorio A, et al. Circulating levels of soluble E-selectin, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000. 27:2246–2250.
20. Foell D, Roth J. Proinflammatory S100 proteins in arthritis and autoimmune disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2004. 50:3762–3771.
21. Malleson PN, Fung MY, Petty RE, Mackinnon MJ, Schroeder ML. Autoantibodies in chronic arthritis of childhood: relations with each other and with histocompatibility antigens. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992. 51:1301–1306.
22. Gutowska-Grzegorczyk G, Baum J. Serum immunoglobulin and complement interrelationships in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1977. 4:179–185.
23. Brunner J, Sitzmann FC. The diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006. 24:449–451.
24. Allen RC, Dewez P, Stuart L, Gatenby PA, Sturgess A. Antinuclear antibodies using HEp-2 cells in normal children and in children with common infections. J Paediatr Child Health. 1991. 27:39–42.
25. Cimaz R, Corona F, Scarazatti M, Cohen E, Bardare M. Methotrexate treatment every other week in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1996. 35:1030–1031.
26. Baum J, Gutowska G. Death in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1977. 20:suppl. 253.
27. Schuchmann L, Michels H, Renaud M, Renz K. Amyloidosis-a dreaded complication of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). (author's transl). Klin Padiatr. 1981. 193:67–72.
TOOLS
Similar articles