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Abstract
Background
Remnant lipoproteins are the lipolytic degradation product of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced by the liver (very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and intestine (chylomicrons). Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between remnant lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. Our study assessed the relationship between obesity and remnant lipoproteins and evaluated the factors related to remnant lipoprotein in children and adolescents.
Methods
Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body fat mass, total abdominal fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured in 135 children and adolescents (67 boys and 68 girls). Plasma RLP fractions were isolated using an immunoaffinity gel containing specific anti-apoB-100 and anti-apoA-I antibodies. The subjects were divided into three groups: the low (< 50 percentile), mid (50~84 percentile), and high (≥ 85 percentile) BMI groups.
Results
RLP-C was significantly correlated with age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, apoB, and HOMA-IR. From a multivariate regression analysis, TG (β = 0.928, P < 0.001) was found to be independently correlated with RLP-C. After excluding TG as an independent variable, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that the HOMA-IR (β = 0.231, P = 0.007) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.169, P = 0.046) were independently associated with RLP-C.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
The frequency of subjects showing the high levels (≥ 7.5 mg/dL) of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) according to the body mass index (BMI) percentile (P) groups (P = 0.023).
Table 1
Comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters and body fat distribution by body mass index group
Data are means ± SD or n(%). P values by ANOVA for continuous variables and Χ2 tests for categorical variables are given.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VSR, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio; ns, not significant.
*P < 0.05 vs. low BMI group.
†P < 0.05 vs. mid BMI group.
‡Log transformed.
Table 2
Anthropometric and biochemical parameters associated with remnant lipoprotein cholesterol
r, correlation coefficients; β, standardized regression coefficient by multivariate linear regression analysis; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VSR, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio; ns, not significant.
*multivariate linear regression analysis after triglyceride was excluded as independent variables.
†Log transformed.
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