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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between type D personality and cardiovascular disease, and to suggest future research directions.
Methods
A literature search was conducted from the following nine databases: 1) MEDLINE, 2) CINAHL, 3) Pubmed Unrestricted, 4) PsycINFO, 5) KISS, 6) RICHIS, 7) RISS4U, and 8) Nanet. The combinations of the words, "type D personality", "personality", "heart", "cardiovascular", and "coronary" were used for keyword searches to find relevant articles. Twenty eight studies were identified.
Results
Type D personality has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Type D patients are also at increased risk for impaired quality of life, and seem to benefit less from medical and invasive treatment.
Conclusion
There is substantial evidence for a relationship between type D personality and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease. Randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the value of controlling type D personality to improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence from this analysis indicates the urgent need to adopt a personality approach in order to optimize the identification of patients at risk for stress related cardiac events.
Figures and Tables
Table 3
Chronological View of Studies Published on the Type D Personality Construct
ACS=acute coronary syndrome; CABG=coronary artery bypass graft; CHD=coronary heart disease; CHF=congestive heart failure; CVA=cerebral vascular attack; HPPQ=heart patients psychological questionnaire; HRQoL=health related quality of life; HTN=hypertension; ICD=implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MCS=mental component summary; MI=myocardial infarction; NYHA=new york heart association; PCI=percutaneous coronary intervention; PCS=physical component summary; STAI=spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory; TIA=transient ischemic attack; TNF-α=tumor necrosis factor α; sTNFR2=soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2. *p<0.05; †p<0.01; ‡p<0.001.
References
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