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Shim, Kim, Kim, Kang, Ahn, Lim, Lee, and Cha: The Relationship between Visceral & Subcutaneous Fat and Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Original Article
The Journal of Korean Diabetes Association

The Journal of Korean Diabetes Association 2006; 30(3): 207-216.

Published online: 31 May 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.3.207

The Relationship between Visceral & Subcutaneous Fat and Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Wan Sub Shim1, Soo Kyung Kim2, Hae Jin Kim3, Eun Seok Kang4, 5, Chul Woo Ahn4, 5, Sung Kil Lim4, 5, Hyun Chul Lee4, 5, Bong Soo Cha4, 5

1Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Korea.

2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Korea.

3Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou Univerisity School of Medicine, Korea.

4Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea.

5Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea.

Received 26 December 2005       Accepted 22 May 2006

Copyright © 2006 Korean Diabetes Association

Abstract

Background

Visceral obesity is closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Small dense (sd) LDL is closely associated with CVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between visceral and subcutaneous fat accumulation and sd LDL-C concentration.

Methods

264 type 2 diabetic patients underwent ultrasonography to estimate visceral & subcutaneous fat accumulation and sd LDL-C concentrations were measured.

Results

BMI, total cholesterol, sd LDL-C concentration and percentage of sd LDL-C were higher in highest tertile of visceral fat length in male than those in lowest tertile. BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, sd LDL-C concentration and percentage of sd LDL-C were higher in highest tertile of visceral fat length in female than those in lowest tertile. But sd LDL-C concentration and percentage of sd LDL-C were not different among three groups based on the tertile of subcutaneous fat length in male and female. Visceral fat length was correlated with sd LDL-C concentration and percentage of sd LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, but negatively with percentage of large buoyant LDL-C and HDL-C after adjustment of age, sex and BMI. Subcutaneous fat length was not correlated with sd LDL-C and percentage of sd LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C.

Conclusion

The association between visceral fat length and sd LDL-C could be a factor that explains the association between visceral obesity and CVD.

Keywords: Small dense LDL-C, Subcutaneous fat, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ultrasonography, Visceral fat

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Clinical Characteristics of Patients
jkda-30-207-i001

Data are expressed as means ± S.D.

BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SQ, subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography.

P value: male vs. female

Table 2
Clinical Characteristics According to the Tertile of Subcutaneous Fat Length Measured by Ultrasonography in Male
jkda-30-207-i002

Data are expressed as means ± S.D.

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SQ, subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography.

*: tertile 1 vs. tertile 2 P < 0.05

†: tertile 1 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

‡: tertile 2 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

Table 3
Clinical Characteristics According to the Tertile of Visceral Fat Length Measured by Ultrasonography in Male
jkda-30-207-i003

Data are expressed as means ± S.D.

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SQ, subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography

*: tertile 1 vs. tertile 2 P < 0.05

†: tertile 1 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

‡: tertile 2 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

Table 4
Clinical Characteristics According to the Tertile of Subcutaneous Fat Length Measured by Ultrasonography in Female
jkda-30-207-i004

Data are expressed as means ± S.D.

BMI, body mass index; FPG,fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SQ,subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography.

*: tertile 1 vs. tertile 2 P < 0.05

†: tertile 1 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

‡: tertile 2 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

Table 5
Clinical Characteristics According to the Tertile of Visceral Fat Length Measured by Sonography in Female
jkda-30-207-i005

Data are expressed as means ± S.D.

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SQ, subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography.

*: tertile 1 vs. tertile 2 P < 0.05

†: tertile 1 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

‡: tertile 2 vs. tertile 3 P < 0.05

Table 6
Partial Pearson's Correlation between Visceral & Subcutaneous Fat Length and Metabolic Parameters after Adjustment of Age, Sex and BMI
jkda-30-207-i006

BMI, body mass index; SQ, subcutaneous fat length measured by sonography; VF, visceral fat length measured by sonography; sd-LDL-C, small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL-C, large buoyant low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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