Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Gallate isolated from the Leaves of Glochidion superbum Against Hospital Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Mohammed Dahiru Ahmed; Muhammad Taher; Alhaji Hamusu Maimusa; Mohamad Fazlin Rezali; Mohammed Imad Al-deen Mustafa Mahmud

doi:10.20307/nps.2017.23.1.5

Journal List > Nat Prod Sci > v.23(1) > 1060690

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Ahmed, Taher, Maimusa, Rezali, and Mahmud: Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Gallate isolated from the Leaves of Glochidion superbum Against Hospital Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Original Article

Natural Product Sciences 2017;23(1):5-8.

Published online: 20 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2017.23.1.5

Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Gallate isolated from the Leaves of Glochidion superbum Against Hospital Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Mohammed Dahiru Ahmed¹, Muhammad Taher², Alhaji Hamusu Maimusa³, Mohamad Fazlin Rezali⁴, Mohammed Imad Al-deen Mustafa Mahmud^1,^∗

¹Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

²Deparment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

³Vector Control Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

⁴SIRIM Berhad, National Metrology Laboratory, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

∗Author for correspondence Mohammed Imad Al-deen Mustafa Mahmud, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM, Malaysia. Tel: +006095704491; E-mail: imad@iium.edu.my

Received 29 June 2016 Revised 28 October 2016 Accepted 29 October 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

An antimicrobial compound has been isolated from the leaves of Glochidion superbum. The compound was determined as methyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate), based on ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis. The isolated compound exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by qualitative agar disc diffusion method and quantitative broth dilution method. Agar disc diffusion was done in a dose-dependent manner for each bacterial isolate at disc potencies of 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/disc. The zones of inhibition were on average equal to 12.27, 14.20, 15.43, and 24.17 mm respectively. The inhibition zones were compared with that of vancomycin disc at 30 µg as a reference standard. The MIC and MBC values were 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL respectively. The results of anti MRSA activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Turkey's HSD and Duncan test. In conclusion, methyl gallate which was isolated from G. superbum showed the inhibition activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus.

Keywords: Glochidion superbum, antimicrobial activity, isolation, methyl gallate

References

(1). Sandhya S.., Chaintanya R. S. N. A. K. K.., Vinod K. R.., Rao K. N.V.; Banji, D.; Sudhakar, K.; &Swetha, R., Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2010. 2:309–322.

(2). Otsuka H.., Hirata E.., Shinzato T.., Takeda Y.Phytochemistry. 2003. 62:763–768.

(3). Joshi A.R.; Joshi, K Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2007. 15:235–246.

(4). RIZK A. F. M.Botanical J. Linnean Society. 1987. 94:293–326.

(5). Bailey A. E.., Asplund R. O.., and Ali M. S. J.Natrod. 1986. 9:1149–1150.

(6). Choi J. G.., Mun S. H.., Chahar H. S.., Bharaj P.., Kang O. H.., Kim S. G.., Kwon D.Y.PLOS One. 2014. 9:1149–1150.

(7). Wang, K. J; ang C. R.., Zhang Y. J.Food Chemistry. 2007. 101:365–371.

(8). Saxena G.., McCutcheon A. R.., Farmer S.., Towers G. H.., Hancock R. E. J.Ethnopharmacol. 1994. 42:95–99.

(9). Ekaprasada M. T.., Nurdin H.., Ibrahim S.., Dachriyanus D.Int. J. Advan. Sci. EngineerInforma. Technology. 2015. 5:280–282.

(10). Kärpänoja P.., Nissinen A.., Huovinen P.., Sarkkinen H.Finnish Study Group for AntimicrobialResistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004. 53:660–663.

(11). Raeisi M.., Tajik H.., Razavi R. S.., Maham M.., Moradi M.., Hajimohammadi B.., Mehdizadeh T.Iran. J. Microbiol. 2012. 4:30–34.

(12). Rahman N. A.., Muliawan H. S.., Rashid N.N.; Muhamad, M.;Yusof, R.N. Dengue Bull. 2006. 30:260–269.

(13). Ekaprasada M. T.., Nurdin H.., Ibrahim S.., Dachriyanus D.Indo. J. Chem. 2010. 9:457–460.

(14). Tan Y. P.., Chan E. W. C.., Lim C. S. Y.Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2015. 42:650–656.

Fig. 1.

The structure of methyl 3, 4, 5 trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate) isolated from G. superbum.

Fig. 2.

Zone of inhibition of methyl gallate against the hospital isolates of MRSA. Zone of inhibition of methyl gallate against a hospital isolate of MRSA at a concentration of 150 µg/disc and Vancomycin zone of inhibition at 30 µg/disc, on Mueller-Hinton agar plate.

Table 1.

Zones of inhibition of methyl gallate against three Hospital isolates of MRSA

MRSA Isolates	25 µg/mL	50 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	150 µg/mL	Vanco-30 µg
P5116	12.27 ± 0.25	14.20 ± 0.10^b	15.43 ± 0.12^a	24.17 ± 0.15^b	18.30 ± 0.10^a
B460 isolate	12.63 ± 0.15	14.77 ± 0.15^c	17.50 ± 0.30^b	24.63 ± 0.15^c	18.53 ± 0.15^a
T175	12.20 ± 0.10	13.47 ± 0.15^a	15.63 ± 0.15^a	20.60 ± 0.20^a	18.37 ± 0.15^a

^a,b,c value of the various samples with different superscript letter (a, b, c etc.) in the same column are significantly different (p < 0.01) as measured by Turkey's hsd and Duncan test. Key: MRSA-methicillin resistant S. aureus, B-Blood, P-Pus, T-Tissue.

Table 2.

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of methyl gallate against MRSA Isolates

Test MRSA	Concentrations in µg/mL						Controls
Test MRSA	100	50	25	12.5	6.25	3.125	MHB	MHB+Bact.
P5116	∗	∗	−	−	−	−	−	−
B460	∗	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
T175	∗	−	−	−	−	−	−	−

^∗ clear wells, indicate growth inhibition (MIC)at 100 µg/mL for blood and tissue isolates and 50 µg/mL for pus isolate of MRSA.

⁻ turbid wells, indicate that no growth inhibition is observed.

Table 3.

Minimum bactericidal concentration of methyl gallate against MRSA Isolates

Test MRSA	Concentrations in µg/mL
	100	50	25	12.5	6.25	3.125
P5116	∗	∗	n/t	n/t	n/t	n/t
B460	∗	n/t	n/t	n/t	n/t	n/t
T175	∗	n/t	n/t	n/t	n/t	n/t

^∗ = no bacterial growth on agar plates, n/t= not tested.

TOOLS

Similar articles