Induction of Apoptosis with Moringa oleifera Fruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Via Intrinsic Pathway

Tae-Eun Guon; Ha Sook Chung

doi:10.20307/nps.2017.23.4.227

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Guon and Chung: Induction of Apoptosis with Moringa oleifera Fruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Via Intrinsic Pathway

Original Article

Natural Product Sciences 2017;23(4):227-234.

Published online: 20 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2017.23.4.227

Induction of Apoptosis with Moringa oleifera Fruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Via Intrinsic Pathway

Tae-Eun Guon, Ha Sook Chung^∗

College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea

^∗Author for correspondence Ha Sook Chung, Ph.D., College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University 144 Gil 33, Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Korea. Tel: +82-2-901-8593; E-mail: hasook@duksung.ac.kr

Received 2 June 2017 Revised 20 July 2017 Accepted 21 July 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera, Moringaceae) is a tree of the Moringaceae family that can reach a height of between 5 and 10 m. The current paper presents cytotoxic effect of M. oleifera fruits and its flavonoids 1 and 2. The viability of HCT116 human colon cancer cells were 38.5% reduced by 150 µg/mL of ethanolic extracts in a concentration-dependent manner; in addition, we observed the apoptotic features of cell shrinkage and decreased cell size. Bcl-2 family proteins were regulated as determined by Western blotting analysis, suggesting that M. oleifera fruits and their flavonoids 1 and 2 induced apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway. Based on our findings, 70% ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera fruits and flavonoids 1 and 2 might be useful as cytotoxic agents in colorectal cancer therapy.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera fruits, Cytotoxicity, Intrinsic pathway

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Fig. 1.

Chemical structure of compounds 1 and 2.

Fig. 2.

Cytotoxic effect of MOF in HCT116 cells. Cell viability at the indicated concentrations was assessed for 72 hr by MTT assay. ∗p < 0.05, significantly different from control cells.

Fig. 3.

Induction of apoptosis by MOF in HCT116 cells. The formation of apoptotic bodies (arrows) in Hoechst-33258-stained cells observed by fluorescent microscopy.

Fig. 4.

Induction of apoptosis by MOF in HCT116 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of HCT116 cells incubated with MOF for 72 hr. The right bottom quadrant represents Annexin V-stained cells (early-phase apoptotic cells). The top right quadrant represents PI- and Annexin V-stained cells (late-phase apoptotic cells). ∗p < 0.05, significantly different from control cells.

Fig. 5.

Regulation of Bcl-2 family in MOF-treated HCT116 cells. Equal amounts of cell lysates were electrophoresed, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression form were detected by Western blotting analysis with corresponding antibodies. ∗p < 0.05, significantly different from control cells.

Fig. 6.

Cytotoxic effect of compounds 1 and 2 in HCT116 cells. Cell viability at the indicated concentrations was assessed for 72 hr by MTT assay. ∗p < 0.05, significantly different from control cells.

Fig. 7.

Induction of apoptosis by compounds 1 and 2 in HCT116 cells. The formation of apoptotic bodies (arrows) in Hoechst-33258-stained cells observed by fluorescent microscopy.

Fig. 8.

Regulation of Bcl-2 family on compounds 1 and 2-treated HCT116 cells. Equal amounts of cell lysates were electrophoresed, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression form were detected by Western blotting analysis with corresponding antibodies. ∗p < 0.05, significantly different from control cells.

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