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Pyo, Park, Oh, Lee, Park, Kim, Park, Song, Park, Jung, Lee, Won, Shin, and Lee: Ginsenoside Re Enriched Fraction (GS-F3K1) from Ginseng Berries Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Erectile Dysfunction via Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway
Original Article

Natural Product Sciences 2016;22(1):46-52.

Published online: 17 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2016.22.1.46

Ginsenoside Re Enriched Fraction (GS-F3K1) from Ginseng Berries Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Erectile Dysfunction via Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway

Mi Kyung Pyo1, ∗, Kwang-Hyun Park2, Myeong Hwan Oh1, Hwan Lee1, Young Sik Park1, Na Young Kim1, So Hee Park1, Ji Hye Song1, Jong Dae Park1, Se-Hee Jung3, Bong-Gun Lee3, Beom Young Won4, Ki Young Shin4, 5, Hyung Gun Lee4

1International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan 312-804, Korea

2Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, 506-706, Korea

3Huvet Co., Ltd., Iksan, 570-749, Korea

4 Braintropia Co.Ltd., Anyang, 431-060, Korea

5 Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Korea

∗Author for correspondence Mi Kyung Pyo, International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, 312-804, Korea Tel: +82-41-750-1641; E-mail: pmk67@ginherb.re.kr

Received 9 July 2015       Revised 24 August 2015       Accepted 31 August 2015

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men and considered to be an early symptom of atherosclerosis and a precursor of various systemic vascular disorders. The aim of the present study was to prepare ginsenoside Re enriched fraction (GS-F3K1, ginsenoside Re 10%, w/w) from ginseng berries flesh and to investigate the enhanced activities of GS-F3K1 on alcohol-induced ED. GS-F3K1 was prepared by the continuous liquid and solid separating centrifugation and circulatory ultrafiltration from ginseng berries flesh. GS-F3K1 was administered for 5 weeks in ethanol-induced ED rat by oral administration of 20% ethanol. To investigate the effects of GS-F3K1 on ED model, the levels of nitrite expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and erectile response of the penile corpus cavernosum of rat were measured. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after GS-F3K1 administration, to a level similar to the normal group. The level of nitrite and cGMP expression in the corpus cavernosum of GS-F3K1-administered male rats was increased significantly compared to positive control group. GS-F3K1 from ginseng berries should effectively restore ethanol-induced ED in male rats and could be developed as a new functional food for the elderly men.

Keywords: GS-F3K1, Ginseng berry, Ethanol-induced erectile dysfunction, Nitrite, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

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Fig. 1.
Schematic representation of the purification procedure of GS-F3K1 from ginseng berry. Gnsenoside Re enriched fraction (GS-F3K1) from ginseng berries flesh was prepared by a combination of continuous centrifugation and ultrafiltration to remove low molecular weight compounds.
nps-22-46f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Effects of GS-F3K1 and RGE on the erectile response to carvernous nerve stimulation in ethanol-induced ED rats. (A) Oscillations of the intracavernous pressure (ICP), and (B) Statistic analysis. Data are given as mean of value ± SD (n=6) from three independent experiments. # p < 0.05 when compared with the normal group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001when compared with the control group by independent t test.
nps-22-46f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Effects of GS-F3K1 and RGE on nitrite production to carvernous nerve stimulation in ethanol-induced ED rats. Data are given as mean of value ± SD (n=6) from three independent experiments. ###p < 0.001 when compared with the normal group. ∗p <0.05, ∗∗∗p <0.001 when compared with control group by independent t test.
nps-22-46f3.tif
Fig. 4.
Effects of the GS-F3K1 and RGE on cGMP level to carvernous nerve stimulation in ethanol-induced ED rats. Data are given as mean of value ± SD (n=6) from three independent experiments. Level of significance was identified statistically using independent t test. ###p < 0.001 when compared with the normal group. ∗∗∗p <0.001 when compared with the control group by independent t test.
nps-22-46f4.tif
Table 1.
Change in ginsenoside composition of ginseng berry extract by heat
Ginsenoside (mg/g) Rg1 Re Rf Rb1 Rc Rb2 Rd S-Rg3 R-Rg3
FGBEa) 4.7±0.23 50.1±2.51 1.4±0.07 8.1±0.41 3.3±0.17 3.9±0.20 4.0±0.20 0.1±0.00 0.0±0.00
EGBEb) 4.1±0.20 41.5±2.08 1.0±0.05 6.5±0.32 1.8±0.09 2.3±0.11 2.1±0.10 0.2±0.00 0.2±0.00
HGBEc) 1.7±0.09 20.0±1.00 1.1±0.05 6.6±0.33 1.1±0.12 1.4±0.32 1.5±0.37 2.5±0.12 3.0±0.15

a) FGBE; Freeze dried ginseng berry extract,

b) EGBE; evaporated ginseng berry extract,

c) HGBE; heated ginseng berry extract.

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