Beneficial Effect of Lespedeza cuneata (G. Don) Water Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes and Cytokine-induced Beta-cell Damage

Min Suk Kim; Bhesh Raj Sharma; Dong Young Rhyu

doi:10.20307/nps.2016.22.3.175

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Kim, Sharma, and Rhyu: Beneficial Effect of Lespedeza cuneata (G. Don) Water Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes and Cytokine-induced Beta-cell Damage

Original Article

Natural Product Sciences 2016;22(3):175-179.

Published online: 17 January 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2016.22.3.175

Beneficial Effect of Lespedeza cuneata (G. Don) Water Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes and Cytokine-induced Beta-cell Damage

Min Suk Kim^†,, Bhesh Raj Sharma^†,, Dong Young Rhyu^∗

Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea

^∗Author for correspondence Dong Young Rhyu, Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, College of Natural Science, Mokpo National University, 1666, Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-61-450-2664; E-mail: rhyudy@mokpo.ac.kr

^† These two authors contributed equally to the study.

Received 6 January 2016 Revised 29 February 2016 Accepted 29 February 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the water extract of Lespedeza cuneata (LCW) using rat insulinoma (RIN) m5F cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effect of LCW on the protection of pancreatic beta cells was assessed using MTT assay, and nitric oxide production was assessed using Griess reagent. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight of LCW for 5 weeks. In results, LCW significantly protected cytokine-induced toxicity and NO production, and increased insulin secretion in RINm5F cells. LCW significantly decreased serum blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels, and renal fibronectin expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Also, LCW effectively improved BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, our results suggest that LCW has a beneficial effect on cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell damage and biomarkers of diabetic complication in hyperglycemic rats.

Keywords: Cytokines, Diabetes, Lesepdeza cuneata, Pancreatic beta cells, Streptozotocin

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Fig. 1.

Effects of LCW on IL-1β- and IFN-γ-induced cell viability (A), NO production (B), and insulin secretion (C) in RINm5F cells. RINm5F cells (2 × 10⁶) were pretreated with the indicated concentrations (50 and 100 μg/mL) of LCW for 3 h, followed by stimulation with IL-1β (2 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 U/mL) for 48 h. 100 µM TLB was used as a positive control. Each value represents the mean ± SE of three independent experiments. Bars with different letters (a, b, c, and d) are significantly different each other at p < 0.05 in Duncan's multiple comparison tests.

Fig. 2.

Effect of LCW on blood glucose in STZ induced diabetic rats. Values are given as mean ± SE for each group of six animals. Normal, normal rats; control, diabetic control rats, LCW100, treatment with LC extract at dose of 100 mg/kg BW; LCW400, treatment with LC extract at dose of 400 mg/kg BW. Bars with different letters (a, b, and c) are significantly different each other at p < 0.05 in Duncan's multiple comparison tests.

Fig. 3.

Effect of LCW on renal fibronectin expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Normal, normal rats; control, diabetic control rats, LCW100, treatment with LC extract at dose of 100 mg/ kg BW; LCW400, treatment with LC extract at dose of 400 mg/ kg BW. Bars with different letters (a and b) are significantly different each other at p < 0.05 in Duncan's multi comparison tests.

Table 1.

Effects of LCW on body weight, serum total protein, BUN, TBARS, and AGEs levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Group	Body weight (g)			Serum Total Protein (g/dL)	Serum BUN (mg/ dL)	Serum TBARS (nM/mg protein)	Serum AGEs (nM/g protein)
Group	Initial	Final	Gain	Serum Total Protein (g/dL)	Serum BUN (mg/ dL)	Serum TBARS (nM/mg protein)	Serum AGEs (nM/g protein)
Normal	280 ± 4	377 ± 9	97 ± 5^b5	5.6 ± 0.1^c	19.3 ± 0.8^a	526.9 ± 3.9^a	180 ± 12.1^a
Control	263 ± 10	245 ± 17	-18 ± 9^a5	4.9 ± 0.1^ab	33.9 ± 3.6^b	159.0 ± 24.7^b	263 ± 22.9^b
LCW100	261 ± 6	257 ± 16	-4.5 ± 11^a	4.7 ± 0.2^a	30.4 ± 2.4^b	133.3 ± 27.1^b	240 ± 15.0^b
LCW400	265 ± 7	261 ± 11	-4 ± 5^a5	5.1 ± 0.1^b	29.9 ± 3.6^b	118.4 ± 32.1^b	204 ± 50.3^b

Normal, normal rats; control, diabetic control rats, LCW100, treatment with LC extract at dose of 100 mg/kg BW; LCW400, treatment with LC extract at dose of 400 mg/kg BW. Values are means ± SE for each group of six animals. Values with different letters (a and b) are significantly different each other at p < 0.05 in Duncan's multiple comparison tests.

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