Abstract
Sesquiterpene-quinone is a class of secondary metabolites frequently encountered from marine sponge. The present study was designed to examine the anti-inflammatory action of sponge-derived dactyloquinone B (DQB) and cyclospongiaquinone-1 (CSQ1) mixture using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. We measured the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production, which increased by treatment with LPS, were significantly inhibited by DQB and CSQ1 mixture. It also decreased the production of NO production, and iNOS and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, it reduced 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema of ICR mice. These results demonstrate that sesquiterpene-quinone, DQB and CSQ1 mixture, might serve as a chemical pipeline for the development of anti-inflammatory agent.
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Fig. 2.
Effect of DQB and CSQ1 mixture on cell viability or NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were plated and cultured for 24 h in the absence or presence of different concentration of DQB and CSQ1 mixture (A). Cells were treated with DQB and CSQ1 mixture and LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h (B). NO production was calculated in culture media by Griess reagent (B). Each bar represents means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ∗p <0.05 compared to the group treated with LPS.
![nps-21-268f2.tif](/upload/SynapseXML/0228nps/thumb/nps-21-268f2.gif)
Fig. 3.
Effect of DQB and CSQ1 mixture on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of DQB and CSQ1 mixture for 1 h and incubated with LPS during 24 h. Productions of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-6 (C) were measured in culture media by ELISA. Each bar represents means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ∗p < 0.05 compared to the group treated with LPS.
![nps-21-268f3.tif](/upload/SynapseXML/0228nps/thumb/nps-21-268f3.gif)
Fig. 4.
Effect of DQB and CSQ1 mixture on LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of DQB and CSQ1 mixture for 1 h and incubated with LPS during 24 h. The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 in cells were analyzed by Western blot. Each bar represents means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ∗p < 0.05 compared to the group treated with LPS.
![nps-21-268f4.tif](/upload/SynapseXML/0228nps/thumb/nps-21-268f4.gif)
Fig. 5.
Effect of DQB and CSQ1 mixture on TPA-induced ear edema in ICR mouse. Mice were administrated with or without the various concentrations of DQB and CSQ1 mixture. Curcumin was used as a positive control. TPA (2 μg/ear) was dropped onto the surface of the ear. The mice were sacrificed 4 h after the application of TPA. An ear disc 9.0 mm diameter was punched out of each ear and weighted. Values are shown as means ± S.D. of n=5 mice. ∗ p < 0.05 compared to the group treated with TPA.
![nps-21-268f5.tif](/upload/SynapseXML/0228nps/thumb/nps-21-268f5.gif)