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Kim and Song: Hospital Nurses’ Prediabetes Knowledge, Performance and Expectation of Patient Education
Original Article

Perspectives in Nursing Science 2015;12(1):33-41.

Published online: 19 April 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16952/pns.2015.12.1.33

Hospital Nurses’ Prediabetes Knowledge, Performance and Expectation of Patient Education

Min Jung Kim1, , Misoon Song2

1Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Catholic Sangji College, Andong

2Professor, College of Nursing · The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Min Jung Department of Nursing, Catholic Sangji College, 45 Sangji-gil, Andong 760-711, Korea. Tel: +82-54-851-3263, Fax: +82-54-853-3260, E-mail: min@csj.ac.kr

Received 23 February 2015       Revised 31 March 2015       Accepted 21 April 2015

Copyright © 2015 The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

This study attempted to describe hospital nurses’ prediabetes knowledge, performance and expectation of patient. Methods: The total of 204 hospital nurses were administered the questionnaires. The questionnaire comprises general background information (including sex, age, religion, education and career), ten researcher-generated questions regarding knowledge about prediabetes, performance of patient education (including how many people encounter in workplace, how often teaching, how many minutes required to teach and course contents) and expectation (including need improvement of teaching, barrier to education and desirable course contents and teaching methods) Results: The average score of hospital nurses’ pre-diabetes knowledge was as low as 0.82 (82% correctness). On comparison of the knowledge levels among ten pre-diabetes knowledge dimensions, the highest score was 0.95 for necessary of medical check-up. The lowest score was 0.57 for complication can rarely happen. Significant correlations were observed for education, career and knowledge regarding pre-diabetes. Moreover, 49.5% of the nurses did not instruct patients about pre-diabetes, 24.5% taught prevention skills to a third of the pre-diabetes patients they encountered, and 61.2% nurses disseminated information under 5 minutes. Improvement was necessary for 78 nurses (75.8%). Conclusion: Pre-diabetes awareness among nurses is necessary.

Keywords: Prediabetic state, Self care, Health education, Nurse

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Participants (N=204)
Characteristics Categories n (%) Mean
Gender Male 5 (2.5)  
Female 199 (97.5)  
Age (year) 20~25 84 (41.2) 7.73
26~30 67 (32.8)  
31~35 36 (17.6)  
36~40 11 (5.4)  
41~45 4 (2.0)  
46~50 2 (1.0)  
Religion Nothing 127 (62.2)  
Protestant 42 (20.6)  
Catholic 3 (1.5)  
Buddhist 30 (14.7)  
Others 2 (1.0)  
Education Diploma 142 (69.6)  
Bachelor 47 (23.0)  
master 15 (7.4)  
Career (month) 3~12 25 (12.3) 72.93
13~36 50 (24.4)
37~72 45 (22.1)
73~108 29 (14.2)
109~144 30 (14.7)
≥145 25 (12.3)
Table 2.
Knowledge of Prediabetes (N=204)
Variables Correct answer Correct Incorrect Correct ratio
n n %
Fast blood sugar is 6.1~6.9 mmol/L (110~126 mg/dL) ○ 177 27 86.8
2-h Post blood sugar is 7.8~11.0 mmol/L (140~200 mg/dL) × 172 32 84.3
HbA1c is 5.7~6.4% ○ 152 52 74.5
Prediabetes is a high risk factor of diabetes ○ 180 24 88.2
Complications can rarely happen × 116 88 56.9
Medical checkup is necessary Drug therapy is always necessary ○ × 194 162 10 42 95.1 79.4
Blood sugar is managed by diet and activity ○ 184 20 90.2
Blood sugar is managed by alternative-complementary episode If blood sugar is well within the normal range for 1 year, prediabetes is cured × × 154 184 50 20 75.5 90.2
Total   1,675 365 82.1
Table 3.
Correlation Coefficient in Education, Career and Knowledge of Prediabetes (N=204)
Variables Education Career Knowledge
Education 1.000 .458∗∗ .094
Career   1.000 .138∗
Knowledge     1.000

∗ p＜.05;

∗∗ p＜.01.

Table 4.
Teaching Experience to People with Prediabetes (N=204)
Variables Categories n (%)
How many people encounter in workplace Nobody 45 (22.1)
1~3 persons per month 106 (51.9)
3~6 persons per week 22 (10.8)
1~2 persons per day 11 (5.4)
3~6 persons per day 7 (3.4)
≤7 persons per day 13 (6.4)
How often teaching Nobody 101 (49.5)
One-third of the people 50 (24.5)
Half the people 18 (8.8)
Two-third of the people 12 (5.9)
Most all the people 23 (11.3)
How many minutes required to teach (N=103) Less than 1 minutes 11 (10.7)
Takes 1~5 minutes 52 (50.5)
Takes 5~10 minutes 28 (27.2)
Takes 10~20 minutes 9 (8.7)
Takes 20~30 minutes 1 (1.0)
No response 2 (1.9)
Course contents (multiple choice) Diet 96 (21.5)
Activities 88 (19.7)
Monitoring of blood sugar 77 (17.1)
Prevention of complications 37 (8.2)
Hypoglycemia care 54 (12.0)
Taking medication 41 (9.1)
Coping with problem 4 (0.9)
Avoiding smoke & drink 50 (11.1)
No response 2 (0.4)
Table 5.
Need for Improvement of Teaching and Barriers to Education
Variables Categories n (%)
Necessary of improvement (N=103) Unnecessary 23 (22.3)
Necessary 78 (75.8)
No response 2 (1.9)
Barrier to education (N=101) Lack of knowledge 24 (23.9)
Time limit of nurse 26 (25.8)
Time limit of client 6 (5.9)
Haven't an interest in 23 (22.7)
prediabetes  
Physician's responsibility 6 (5.9)
No response 16 (15.8)
Table 6.
Desirable Course Contents for People with Prediabetes (N=204)
Variables Categories M±SD
KADNE 1 Definition of DM 3.63±0.628
2 Monitoring of blood sugar 3.63±0.559
3 Foot care 3.49±0.662
4 Sick-day management 3.34±0.709
5 DM diet 3.69±0.559
6 Exercise 3.71±0.506
7 Medication 3.55±0.675
8 Insulin injection 3.56±0.757
9 Hypoglycemia care 3.76±0.538
AADE 1 Healthy eating 3.61±0.599
2 Being active 3.60±0.547
3 Monitoring 3.45±0.645
4 Taking medication 3.52±0.759
5 Problem solving 3.67±0.558
6 Reducing risks 3.51±0.624
7 Healthy coping 3.46±0.704
  1 How to use insulin pump 3.21±0.920
  2 Prevention of complications 3.66±0.577
  3 Monitor complication 3.38±0.762

KADNE=대한당뇨병교육간호사회, Korea Association of Diabetes Nursing Education; AADE=미국당뇨교육자협회, American Association of Diabetes Educators.

Table 7.
Desirable Teaching Methods for People with Prediabetes (N=204)
Variables Categories n (%)
Instructor Nurse 88 (43.2)
Medical doctor 27 (13.2)
Trained specialist 48 (23.5)
Team approach 41 (20.1)
Group size 1 person 50 (24.5)
2~5 persons 106 (52.0)
6~10 persons 34 (16.7)
11~19 persons 8 (3.9)
≥20 persons 6 (2.9)
Delivery method Face to face 68 (33.3)
Telephone+post+SNS+internet 24 (11.8)
Face to face+telephone+SNS 37 (18.1)
Face to face+post 7 (3.4)
Face to face+ internet 9 (4.4)
Face to face+telephone+post+ 59 (29.0)
SNS+internet  
How many times 1 time 3 (1.5)
2~3 times 68 (33.3)
4~6 times 92 (45.1)
7~10 times 30 (14.7)
11~20 times 7 (3.4)
≥21 times 4 (2.0)
The period of time for teaching ＜1 month 12 (5.9)
1~2 months 70 (34.3)
3~5 months 68 (33.3)
6~12 months 44 (21.6)
1~2 years 10 (4.9)
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