Quantitative Measurement of Effect of Short-term Life Style Modification on Lipid Profiles in Korean Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Young Kim; Moonki Jung; Chee Jeong Kim

doi:10.12997/jla.2016.5.1.79

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Kim, Jung, and Kim: Quantitative Measurement of Effect of Short-term Life Style Modification on Lipid Profiles in Korean Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Original Article

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis 2016; 5(1): 79-86.

Published online: 30 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2016.5.1.79

Quantitative Measurement of Effect of Short-term Life Style Modification on Lipid Profiles in Korean Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Young Kim, Moonki Jung, Chee Jeong Kim

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Chee Jeong Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea. Tel: +82-2-6299-1398, Fax: +82-2-822-2769, cjkim@cau.ac.kr

Received 12 May 2016 Revised 9 June 2016 Accepted 11 June 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objective

Effects of life style modifications on lipid profiles have been well established. However, data is scarce in Korean patients. We tried to quantify the effect of life style modifications on lipid profiles in relatively large number of Korean hyperlipidemic patients.

Methods

This study enrolled 1037 consecutive hyperlipidemic patients (total cholesterol or triglyceride levels ≥200 mg/dL) from 2003 to 2013. They were consisted of patients with hypercholesterolemia (n=308), borderline hypercholesterolemia (n=302), mixed hyperlipidemia (n=107), borderline mixed hyperlipidemia (n=156), and hypertriglyceridemia (n=164). Blood lipid levels were measured before and after life style modification for 2-4 months.

Results

Life style modification showed a small but significant reduction of body weight in all groups. It reduced low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 9.1% (p=0.000), 5.9% (p=0.000), and 4.8% (p=0.003) in patients with hypercholesterolemia, borderline hypercholesterolemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia, respectively. LDL cholesterol was elevated in hypertriglyceridemic patients by 35% (p=0.000). Triglyceride levels decreased in patients with hypertriglyceridemia by 22% (p=0.000) and increased in hypercholesterolemic patients. There were no different effects of life style modification between men and women.

Conclusion

Life style modification made significant improvement in lipid profiles in Korean patients. The degree of improvement from this study may provide useful data for the management of Korean hyperlipidemic patients.

Keywords: Diet therapy, Life style, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Comparisons of Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Percent Changes of Lipid Profiles among Various Hyperlipidemia Groups. Mean±SE, HC; hypercholesterolemia, HL; mixed hyperlipidemia, HTG; hypertriglyceridemia, HDL-C; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 1

Comparisons of baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics among hyperlipidemic groups

	Hypercholesterolemia		Mixed Hyperlipidemia		Hypertriglyceridemia	p value
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	≥240	200-239	≥240	200-239	<200
triglyceride (mg/dL)	<200	<200	≥200	≥200	≥200
Number	308	302	107	156	164
Sex (Male/Female)	86/222	122/180	59/48	107/49	107/57	0.000
Age (years)	57.1±10.8	57.7±10.7	54.6±12.1	53.8±10.9	56.5±11.3	0.005
Height (cm)	159.5±8.7	161.3±8.4	163.4±10.0	165.0±8.9	165.9±9.6	0.000
Weight (kg)	64.1±11.3	64.7±11.3	69.1±11.8	70.9±11.0	72.0±12.5	0.000
BMI (kg/m²)	25.1±3.2	24.8±3.0	25.8±3.1	26.0±2.8	26.1±3.0	0.000
Alcohol (%)	69 (22)	92 (31)	42 (39)	74 (47)	75 (46)	0.000
Smoking (%)	35 (11)	31 (10)	29 (27)	35 (22)	37 (23)	0.000
Hypertension (%)	211 (69)	239 (79)	82 (77)	133 (85)	155 (95)	0.000
Diabetes mellitus (%)	16 (5)	15 (5)	15 (14)	16 (10)	20 (12)	0.002
Ischemic heart disease (%)	9 (3)	17 (6)	6 (6)	8 (5)	21 (13)	0.002
Statin (%)	11 (4)	35 (12)	3 (3)	11 (7)	32 (20)	0.000
Fibrate (%)	2 (1)	3 (1)	0 (0)	7 (5)	4 (2)	0.013
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	260.3±18.8	221.5±11.0	268.1±25.9	219.0±11.0	174.0±19.8	0.000
HDL-C (mg/dL)	58.8±11.9	54.0±11.1	48.3±10.9	44.9±8.1	40.9±7.4	0.000
LDL-C (mg/dL)	177.6±21.6	144.2±14.2	166.3±25.2	120.6±15.4	77.8±23.4	0.000
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	120.0±39.0	116.6±41.0	325.9±158.9	304.1±118.9	310.7±122.0	0.000

Mean±SD; BMI; body mass index, HDL-C; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 2

Percent changes of lipid profiles among hyperlipidemic groups

	Hypercholesterolemia		Mixed Hyperlipidemia		Hypertriglyceridemia	p value
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	≥240	200-239	≥240	200–239	<200
triglyceride (mg/dL)	<200	<200	≥200	≥200	≥200
Weight (%)	-0.44±1.63^*	-0.42±2.05^*	-0.89±1.86^*	-0.65±2.32^*	-0.76±2.34^*	0.000
Cholesterol (%)	-6.25±9.6^*	-3.59±10.1^*	-7.43±9.6^*	-2.64±10.2^*	3.21±14.5^*	0.000
HDL-C (%)	-5.50±12.5	-2.04±12.8^*	-1.02±16.5	-0.06±13.1	4.80±15.7^*	0.000
LDL-C (%)	-9.08±13.9	-5.87±15.1^*	-4.82±16.2^*	3.04±19.5	35.1±72.5^*	0.000
Triglyceride (%)	23.6±58.8^*	13.4±45.5^*	-12.5±36.3^*	-12.8±38.2^*	-21.8±36.8^*	0.000

Mean±SD; ^*, p<0.05; HDL-C; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 3

Parameters associated with percent changes of lipid profiles

	Cholesterol		HDL-C		LDL-C		Triglyceride
	r	p value	r	p value	r	p value	r	p value
Sex (Male/Female)	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.011	0.10	0.003	0.08	0.017
Age (years)	-0.05	0.10	-0.04	0.18	-0.01	0.82	-0.03	0.37
Height (cm)	0.09	0.005	0.08	0.007	0.12	0.000	-0.08	0.008
Weight (kg)	0.08	0.015	0.05	0.13	0.11	0.001	-0.06	0.06
BMI (kg/m²)	0.03	0.35	-0.01	0.84	0.05	0.13	-0.01	0.67
Changes in weight (%)	0.16	0.000	0.00	0.91	0.01	0.75	0.14	0.000
Alcohol (%)	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.009	0.07	0.037	0.03	0.28
Smoking (%)	0.08	0.011	0.07	0.037	0.06	0.094	0.02	0.52
Hypertension (%)	0.03	0.43	0.01	0.76	0.05	0.16	0.03	0.27
Diabetes mellitus (%)	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.030	0.02	0.64	0.10	0.002
Ischemic heart disease (%)	0.02	0.57	0.09	0.004	0.00	0.94	0.05	0.099
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	-0.33	0.000	-0.23	0.000	-0.42	0.000	0.22	0.000
HDL-C (mg/dL)	-0.14	0.000	-0.32	0.000	-0.13	0.000	0.18	0.000
LDL-C (mg/dL)	-0.32	0.000	-0.17	0.000	-0.48	0.000	0.29	0.000
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	0.09	0.003	0.23	0.000	0.33	0.000	-0.38	0.000

BMI; body mass index, HDL-C; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 4

Percent changes of lipid profiles between men and women

		Hypercholesterolemia		Mixed Hyperlipidemia		Hypertriglyceridemia	Total
Cholesterol (mg/dL)		≥240	200-239	≥240	200–239	<200
triglyceride (mg/dL)		<200	<200	≥200	≥200	≥200
Cholesterol (%)	M	-6.39±8.64	-3.81±10.84	-7.45±10.41	-2.93±9.91	3.49±14.70	-2.90±11.81
	F	-6.19±9.99	-3.44±9.58	-7.40±8.66	-2.03±10.80	2.68±14.21	-4.13±10.68
	p	0.88	0.62	0.88	0.75	0.53	0.063
HDL-C (%)	M	-4.66±13.94	-2.30±12.87	-0.75±11.51	-0.06±14.33	5.05±16.60	-0.40±14.46
	F	-5.83±11.90	-1.86±12.77	-1.35±21.14	-0.06±10.15	4.33±13.90	-2.61±13.61
	p	0.22	0.86	0.55	0.79	0.99	0.005
LDL-C (%)	M	-10.52±13.38	-7.02±14.77	-5.09±15.56	1.83±17.55	42.7±86.0	3.70±44.41
	F	-8.52±14.04	-5.08±15.34	-4.53±17.12	5.27±22.77	23.9±43.4	-2.82±22.18
	p	0.18	0.21	0.88	0.75	0.18	0.035
Triglyceride (%)	M	26.6±55.2	16.8±46.7	-9.1±36.7	-13.6±36.4	-21.0±41.0	0.20±47.77
	F	22.1±60.2	11.1±44.7	-16.7±33.0	-11.1±42.4	-23.2±25.6	7.62±51.75
	p	0.53	0.22	0.54	0.99	0.81	0.009

HDL-C; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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