Consumption of Added Sugars and Lipid Profiles in Korean Population from a Cohort Study

Sang Yeun Kim; Sun Ha Jee

doi:10.12997/jla.2015.4.1.17

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Kim and Jee: Consumption of Added Sugars and Lipid Profiles in Korean Population from a Cohort Study

Original Article

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis 2015; 4(1): 17-25.

Published online: 30 June 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2015.4.1.17

Consumption of Added Sugars and Lipid Profiles in Korean Population from a Cohort Study

Sang Yeun Kim, Sun Ha Jee

Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Sun Ha Jee, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-1523, Fax: +82-2-365-5118, jsunha@yuhs.ac

Received 14 May 2015 Revised 5 June 2015 Accepted 9 June 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between added sugar consumption and dyslipidemia.

Methods

Final study subjects consisted of 18,713 participants after the exclusion of participants with dyslipidemia or under lipid lowering medications at baseline. Added sugar levels were categorized into tertiles [men: Low <8.0 g, Middle: 8.0-21.9 g, High ≥22.0 g; women: Low <6.0 g, Middle 6.0-14.9 g, High ≥15.0 g]. Dyslipidemia was analyzed based on two of the most recent guidelines identified from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the 2009 Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis (KSLA). We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of dyslipidemia.

Results

High added sugar was associated with hypercholesteremia (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.40), high LDL cholesterolemia (1.29; 1.13-1.48), and low HDL cholesterolemia (1.26; 1.10-1.44) based on the KSLA Standard in men. In women, the high added sugar was only related to the risk for hypercholesteremia (1.26; 1.07-1.49) based on the KSLA Standard. A similar trend was shown in both men and women with application of NCEP-ATP III standard.

Conclusion

In this study, an increase in added sugar consumption was associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia in men. Additional studies assessing the association between cardiovascular and other diseases should be conducted in the future.

Keywords: Added sugar, Lipid profiles, Dyslipidemia, Cohort study

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Distribution of dyslipidemia incidence according to added sugar consumptions and medical treatment guidance in men. Added sugars (g/day); T1 (<8.0), T2 (8.0-21.9), T3 (≥22.0), LDL; Low density Lipoprotein, HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride, S(t); Cum survival

Fig. 2

Distribution of Elevated TG/HDL cholesterol ratio incidence according to added sugar consumptions in men. Added sugars (g/day): T1 (<8.0), T2 (8.0-21.9), T3 (≥22.0), HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride, S(t); Cum survival

Table 1

Definition of dyslipidemia in the study

^*National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III guideline

^†KSLA; The Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia treatment guideline LDL; Low density Lipoprotein, HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride

Table 2

Characteristics of study participants at baseline (1998-2008) in accordance with added sugar consumptions, the Severance Nutrition Cohort Study

LDL; Low density Lipoprotein, HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride

Data presented mean±SD

Table 3

Adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI)* for dyslipidemia according to added sugar consumptions in men

^*Model; adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, income and total calories intake, HR; hazard ratio, 95% CI; 95% confidence interval

^†National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III treatment guideline

^‡The Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia treatment guideline

Added sugars (g/day); T1 (<8.0), T2 (8.0-21.9), T3 (≥22.0)

LDL; Low density Lipoprotein, HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride

Table 4

Adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI)* for dyslipidemia according to added sugar consumptions in women

^*Model; adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, income and total calories intake, HR; hazard ratio, 95% CI; 95% confidence interval

^†National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III treatment guideline,

^‡The Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia treatment guideline

Added sugars (g/day); T1 (<6.0), T2 (6.0-14.9), T3 (≥15.0)

LDL; Low density Lipoprotein, HDL; High density Lipoprotein, TG; Triglyceride

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