Serum periostin levels and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen levels in children with atopic dermatitis

Woo-Hyeok Choi; Tae-Young Park; Su-Yeong Kim; Rita Yu; Ji-Eun Ban; Seong Yang; Il-Tae Hwang; Hey-Sung Baek

doi:10.4168/aard.2017.5.2.73

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Choi, Park, Kim, Yu, Ban, Yang, Hwang, and Baek: Serum periostin levels and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen levels in children with atopic dermatitis

Original Article

Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5(2):73-78.

Published online: 5 March 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2017.5.2.73

Serum periostin levels and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen levels in children with atopic dermatitis

Woo-Hyeok Choi, Tae-Young Park, Su-Yeong Kim, Rita Yu, Ji-Eun Ban, Seong Yang, Il-Tae Hwang, Hey-Sung Baek

Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence to: Hey-Sung Baek http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-9446 Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, 150 Seongan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Korea Tel: +82-2-2224-2251, Fax: +82-2-482-8334, E-mail: paviola7@hanmail.net

• This research was supported by Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart hospital Research Fund (grant number: 2015-06).

Received 16 August 201612 October 2016 Accepted 15 October 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

It was found that periostin and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigens (SCCAs) were strongly interleukin-13-inducible gene products. This study measures the serum periostin and SCCA levels in children suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) and to evaluate the association between the severity of AD and their values.

Methods

Seventy AD children aged 1 month to 10 years were included in our study. Subjects were characterized as having atopic eczema (AE; n=55) or non-AE (NAE; n=15) by atopic sensitization. Serum SCCA and periostin levels were measured.

Results

The serum periostin levels were significantly higher in children with AE than in those with NAE (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]: 80.47 ng/mL [75.06–85.93 ng/mL] vs. 67.45 ng/mL [59.99–75.64] ng/mL, P=0.020). The serum concentrations of both SCCA1 and SCCA2 were significantly higher in children with AE than in those with NAE (geometric mean [95% confidence in-terval]: 1.401 [1.198–1.643] ng/mL vs. 0.969 [0.723–1.268] ng/mL, P=0.039 for SCCA1) (1.178 [0.974–1.455] ng/mL vs. 0.711 [0.540–0.994] ng/mL, P=0.025 for SCCA2). The serum periostin levels were significantly correlated with disease severity and with peripheral blood eosinophil counts. The SCCA levels were not significantly correlated with disease severity. Both SCCA1 and SCCA2 were significantly correlated with serum periostin levels and blood eosinophil counts.

Conclusion

Serum periostin levels may be significantly correlated with disease severity and blood eosinophil counts in children with AD. Serum SCCA levels can be significantly correlated with serum periostin levels and blood eosinophil counts in children with AD.

Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Periostin, Squamous cell carcinoma-related antigens, Child

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Fig. 1.

Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in children with atopic eczema (AE) than in children with nonatopic eczema (NAE).

Fig. 2.

Serum concentrations of both SCCA1 (A) and SCCA 2 (B) were significantly higher in children with atopic eczema (AE) than in children with nonatopic eczema (NAE). SCCA, squamous cell carcinoma antigen.

Table 1.

Characteristics of the subjects included in the study

Characteristic	AE (n=55)	NAE (n=15)	P-value
Age (yr)	5.1±1.6	4.9±1.5	0.314∗
Male sex (%)	67.7	63.0	0.601^†
SCORAD Index	37.67±13.29	20.87±9.16	<0.001∗
PB eosinophil (/μL)	581.3±519.6	243.8±150.7	<0.001∗
ECP (ng/mL)	38.75 (18.5–80.7)	15.2 (12.1–20.3)	<0.001∗
Total IgE (IU/mL)	820.6 (373.4–1,545.6)	35.2 (12.6–62.4)	<0.001∗
Periostin (ng/mL)	80.47 (75.06–85.93)	67.45 (59.99–75.64)	0.020∗
SCCA1 (ng/mL)	1.401 (1.198–1.643)	0.969 (0.723–1.268)	0.039∗
SCCA2 (ng/mL)	1.178 (0.974–1.455)	0.711 (0.540–0.994)	0.025∗

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or geometric mean (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated.

AE, Atopic eczema; NAE, nonatopic eczema; SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; PB, peripheral blood; ECP, eosinophilic cationic protein; SCCA, squamous cell carcinoma antigen.

^∗ Mann-Whitney test.

^† Chi-square test.

Table 2.

Spearman correlation coefficients between age, SCORAD index, markers of atopy, periostin, SCCA1, and SCCA2

Variable	Periostin		SCCA1		SCCA2
Variable	r	P-value	r	P-value	r	P-value
Age	-0.389	0.001	-0.459	<0.001	-0.591	<0.001
SCORAD index	0.335	0.005	0.177	0.225	0.147	0.226
Total IgE	0.220	0.076	0.043	0.724	0.039	0.753
PB eosinophil	0.323	0.007	0.393	0.001	0.328	0.006
ECP	0.061	0.624	0.143	0.250	0.183	0.138
Periostin	-		0.393	0.001	0.428	<0.001

SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; PB, peripheral blood; ECP, eosinophilic cationic protein; SCCA, squamous cell carcinoma antigen. r =Spearman correlation coefficient.

Table 3.

Multiple linear regression models for SCORAD in the study

Variable	SCORAD index
Variable	Estimate	95% CI	P-value∗
Age	0.015	-0.412–1.166	0.961
Total IgE	5.389	-0.497–9.845	0.049
PB eosinophil	-0.007	-0.011–0.010	0.092
Log periostin level	52.868	20.063–80.102	0.004

SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; CI, confidence interval; PB, peripheral blood.

^∗ P-values were computed using a regression model evaluating differences of estimates (slopes) from zero.

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