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Oh, Eun, Park, Seo, Kim, Seo, Ahn, and Choung: Sleep disturbance in children with allergic disease
Original Article

Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2015; 3(1): 70-76.

Published online: 31 January 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2015.3.1.70

Sleep disturbance in children with allergic disease

Eun Min Oh1, So-Hee Eun1, Su Hwa Park2, Yeong Sil Seo3, Jihyun Kim4, 5, Won Hee Seo1, Kangmo Ahn4, 5, Ji Tae Choung1, 6

1Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Pediatrics, Gwangmyeong Seongae Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea.

3Jungrang Elementary School, Seoul, Korea.

4Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

5Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

6Environmental Health Center for Childhood Asthma, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to: Won Hee Seo. Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 425-707, Korea. Tel: +82-31-412-5096, Fax: +82-31-405-8591, wonny508@korea.ac.kr

Received 22 July 2014       Revised 18 October 2014       Accepted 19 October 2014

© 2015 The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease; The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

Abstract

Purpose

Although allergic disease has been recognized as a common chronic disease related to the sleep disturbance of children, studies on sleep disturbance in children with allergic disease are scanty in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep disturbance of children with allergic disease.

Methods

Children aged 2 to 12 years were assessed using the sleep questionnaires. From July 2011 to June 2012, surveys were conducted on patients who were diagnosed with allergies in 3 general hospitals and in an elementary school in Seoul and the capital area. The analysis was done in 3 groups according to age.

Results

The sleep questionnaires of 1,174 children were evaluated. Children with allergic disease were 341 (209 males and 132 females) and those in the control group were 833 (428 males and 405 females). Parasomnia symptoms were common in young children (ages 2 to 5 years) than in the control group (P<0.05). Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing were more common in early adolescent children (ages 11 to 12 years) than in the control group (P<0.05). The presence of allergic rhinitis, gender, and body mass index did not correlate with a sleep disturbance in children with allergic disease.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study was the first report of sleep disturbance in children with allergic disease in Korea. This study suggests that children with allergic disease from early children may have poor sleep quality than those without. Therefore, proper treatment of and great interest in sleep disturbance are required for children with allergic disease.

Keywords: Sleep, Parasomnia, Sleep disordered breathing, Allergy and immunology, Child

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Demographic informations of the participants

aard-3-70-i001
Demographic 2-5 Years 6-10 Years 11-12 Years
Allergy Control P-value Allergy Control P-value Allergy Control P-value
No. of patients 134 69 207 764 50 312
Age (yr) 4.00 ± 0.87 3.83 ± 0.92 0.375 8.66 ± 2.02 10.03 ± 1.43 0.010 11.50 ± 0.50 11.48 ± 0.50 0.067
Sex (male/female) 77/57 35/34 0.302 131/76 393/371 0.425 34/16 168/144 0.817
Weight (kg) 18.09 ± 4.42 17.19 ± 2.76 0.370 32.89 ± 11.09 31.08 ± 10.79 0.291 45.14 ± 11.65 45.22 ± 11.01 0.382
Height (cm) 106.11 ± 9.76 103.97 ± 7.34 0.114 133.79 ± 13.61 133.60 ± 11.63 0.403 150.51 ± 8.93 152.97 ± 4.38 0.707

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Table 2

Comparison of sleep schedules between allergy group and control group

aard-3-70-i002
Sleep schedule 2-5 Years 11-12 Years
Allergy (n = 134) Control (n = 69) P-value Allergy (n = 50) Control (n = 312) P-value
Week time (hr)
 Total sleep time 10.23 ± 0.88 10.12 ± 0.59 0.210 8.73 ± 0.64 8.58 ± 0.78 0.187
 Wake time 8.05 ± 0.75 8.03 ± 0.89 0.629 7.47 ± 0.43 7.43 ± 0.46 0.906
 Bedtime 21.83 ± 0.89 21.91 ± 0.97 0.905 22.74 ± 0.63 22.84 ± 0.72 0.328
Week end (hr)
 Total sleep time 10.14 ± 0.95 10.17 ± 0.95 0.606 9.41 ± 0.82 9.45 ± 1.07 0.710
 Wake time 8.46 ± 0.94 8.59 ± 1.13 0.588 8.59 ± 1.21 8.69 ± 1.16 0.502
 Bedtime 22.32 ± 1.14 22.95 ± 1.04 0.538 23.18 ± 0.93 23.23 ± 0.86 0.499

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Table 3

Comparison of sleep disturbance and symptoms between allergy group and control group

aard-3-70-i003
Disturbance and symptom 2-5 Years 11-12 Years
Allergy (n = 134) Control (n = 69) P-value Allergy (n = 50) Control (n = 312) P-value
Sleep problem† 3.21 ± 1.08 3.35 ± 0.92 0.412 3.46 ± 0.97 3.81 ± 0.69 0.007*
Sleep disordered breathing score‡ 3.65 ± 2.61 2.98 ± 2.56 0.079 2.30 ± 2.49 1.15 ± 1.75 0.001*
Parasomnia§ 5.77 ± 3.95 4.47 ± 3.41 0.026* 2.81 ± 3.19 3.24 ± 3.54 0.305
Daytime sleepiness score∥ 2.74 ± 2.90 2.38 ± 2.54 0.460 2.14 ± 2.22 2.39 ± 2.39 0.560

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

*P<0.05. †Sum of score of number 1-5 in sleep questionnaires (score 0-5). ‡Sum of score of number 10-13 in sleep questionnaires (score 0-16). §Sum of score of number 14-20 in sleep questionnaires (score 0-28).∥Sum of score of number 25-28 in sleep questionnaires (score 0-16).

Table 4

Comparison of sleep schedules between children with allergic rhinitis and children without allergic rhinitis in allergy group aged 6-12 years

aard-3-70-i004
Sleep schedule Allergic rhinitis (n = 63) Nonallergic rhinitis (n = 144) P-value
Week time (hr)
 Total sleep time 9.21 ± 0.84 9.27 ± 0.78 0.923
 Wake time 7.46 ± 0.48 7.54 ± 0.53 0.443
 Bedtime 22.25 ± 0.87 22.27 ± 0.81 0.684
Week end (hr)
 Total sleep time 9.44 ± 0.70 9.61 ± 0.89 0.162
 Wake time 8.16 ± 0.92 8.31 ± 1.00 0.400
 Bedtime 22.72 ± 0.88 22.70 ± 0.91 0.761

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Table 5

Comparison of sleep schedules of children with allergic diseases between ages 6-10 and 11-12 years

aard-3-70-i005
Sleep schedule 6-10 Years (n = 59) 11-12 Years (n = 148) P-value
Week time (hr)
 Total sleep time 9.42 ± 0.76 8.73 ± 0.64 < 0.001*
 Wake time 7.54 ± 0.55 7.47 ± 0.43 0.252
 Bedtime 22.11 ± 0.82 22.74 ± 0.63 < 0.001*
Week end (hr)
 Total sleep time 9.61 ± 0.82 9.41 ± 0.90 0.137
 Wake time 8.16 ± 0.88 8.59 ± 1.21 0.022*
 Bedtime 22.55 ± 0.83 23.18 ± 0.93 < 0.001*

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

*P<0.05.

Appendix

Appendix 1. Sleep Questionnaire

aard-3-70-a001

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