Effects of particulate matter in ambient air on the development and control of asthma

Sang-Heon Kim; Hyeon-Jong Yang; An-Soo Jang; Sang-Hoon Kim; Woo-Jung Song; Tae-Bum Kim; Young-Min Ye; Young Yoo; Jinho Yu; Jong-Seo Yoon; Hye Mi Jee; Dong In Suh; Cheol-Woo Kim

doi:10.4168/aard.2015.3.5.313

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Kim, Yang, Jang, Kim, Song, Kim, Ye, Yoo, Yu, Yoon, Jee, Suh, and Kim: Effects of particulate matter in ambient air on the development and control of asthma

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Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2015;3(5):313-319.

Published online: 12 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2015.3.5.313

Effects of particulate matter in ambient air on the development and control of asthma

Sang-Heon Kim^1,^*, Hyeon-Jong Yang^2,^*, An-Soo Jang³, Sang-Hoon Kim⁴, Woo-Jung Song⁵, Tae-Bum Kim⁶, Young-Min Ye⁷, Young Yoo⁸, Jinho Yu⁹, Jong-Seo Yoon¹⁰, Hye Mi Jee¹¹, Dong In Suh¹², Cheol-Woo Kim¹³

^¹Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^²Departments of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^³Departments of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^⁵Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^⁶Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^⁷Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

^⁸Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^⁹Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^¹⁰Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^¹¹Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Pocheon, Korea

^¹²Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Korea

^¹³Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea

Correspondence to: Cheol-Woo Kim http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-1367 Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea Tel: +82-32-890-3495, Fax: +82-32-882-6578, E-mail: cwkim1805@inha.ac.kr

^* These authors contributed equally to this study and should be considered co-first authors.

^* This work was supported by the grant from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014ER270100).

Received 3 June 2015 Revised 14 July 2015 Accepted 14 July 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

There has been growing concern regarding the effects of ambient air pollution on asthma. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major air pollutants affecting both general population and the patients with asthma. This paper reviews the recent evidence of the adverse effects of PM on the inception and morbidity of asthma. Epidemiological studies confirmed that short-term exposure to PM aggravated respiratory symptoms and lung function in asthma patients. Furthermore, PM induces acute exacerbations of asthma with increased risk of hospitalization and death. Longterm exposure to PM is responsible for new onset of asthma and lung function decline in both children and adults. Various mechanisms are involved in the effects of PM on airway including oxidative stress, augmentation of inflammation, promotion of allergen sensitization, induction of airway hyperresponsiveness, aggravation of rhinitis and DNA methylation. Special attention and care is needed for the patients with asthma to prevent the detrimental effects of PM.

Keywords: Particulate matter, Asthma, Disease progression, Disease susceptibility

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Fig. 1.

Classification of particulate matter based on diameter of particle.

Table 1.

Mechanisms of the effects of particulate matter on asthma

Induction of oxidative stress

Aggravation of airway inflammation

Promotion of allergen sensitization

Development of airway hyperresponsiveness

Worsening of rhinitis

DNA methylation

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