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Park, Kim, Jung, Lee, Yang, Seo, Kwon, Kim, Kim, Lee, Song, Jang, Kim, Shim, and Hong: Predicted normal values of pulmonary function tests in normal Korean children
Original Article

Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2014; 2(3): 187-193.

Published online: 31 July 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2014.2.3.187

Predicted normal values of pulmonary function tests in normal Korean children

Chul Hyue Park1, Hyo-Bin Kim1, Young Ho Jung2, 3, Eun Lee2, 3, Song I Yang2, 3, Ju-Hee Seo4, Ji-Won Kwon3, 5, Hyung-Young Kim6, Byoung-Ju Kim7, So Yeon Lee8, Dae Jin Song9, Gwang Cheon Jang10, Woo Kyung Kim11, Jung Yeon Shim12, Soo-Jong Hong2, 3

1Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Seoul, Korea.

3Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Disease, Seoul, Korea.

4Deparment of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

5Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

6Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

7Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.

8Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.

9Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

10Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.

11Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

12Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to: Hyo-Bin Kim. Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-707, Korea. Tel: +82-2-950-8895, Fax: +82-2-950-8883, hbkim@paik.ac.kr

Received 2 September 2013       Revised 16 October 2013       Accepted 17 October 2013

© 2014 The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease; The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

Abstract

Purpose

Pulmonary function tests are useful and important methods for evaluating patients with respiratory diseases. To assess lung function, we need to establish normal values of lung function, which vary according to population, age, gender and growth, particularly in children. This study was undertaken to establish normal predicted values of pulmonary function tests and to predict renewed reference values by spirometry in Korean school children.

Methods

Spirometric forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured in 406 healthy elementary school children (age, 6-12 years old) in May, 2012. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each spirometric parameter against age, height, weight and body surface area (BSA) separately for boys and girls, and derived reference equations and coefficients for all the spirometric parameters.

Results

All the measured spirometric parameters were significantly correlated with age, height, weight, and BSA. FVC was higher in boys aged 6-10 years than girls at ages matched. Height showed the highest correlation coefficient for all the spirometric parameters followed by BSA, weight and age in both genders. The normal predicted values of FVC and FEV1 at 130 cm in this study using renewed reference equations were approximately in the middle compared to previous studies.

Conclusion

We reported here the renewed reference equations for normal predicted values of pulmonary function tests with high coefficients of determination based on updated data in healthy Korean children.

Keywords: Reference equation, Spirometry, Reference value, Pulmonary function, Children

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Characteristics of the study subjects
aard-2-187-i001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25%-75%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.

Table 2
Mean values of spirometric parameters
aard-2-187-i002

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25%-75%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.

Table 3
Prediction equations and square of regression coefficients for each spirometric parameter
aard-2-187-i003

FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25%-75%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; r2, square of regression coefficient. A, age (yr); H, height (cm); W, weight (kg); B, body surface area (m2).

Table 4
Multiple linear regression equations for spirometric parameters with variables of the physical measurements in male subjects
aard-2-187-i004

r2, square of regression coefficient; SEE, standard error of the estimates; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25%-75%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; A, age (yr); H, height (cm); W, weight (kg); B, body surface area (m2).

Table 5
Multiple linear regression equations for spirometric parameters with variables of the physical measurements in female subjects
aard-2-187-i005

r2, square of regression coefficient; SEE, standard error of the estimates; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25%-75%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; A, age (yr); H, height (cm); W, weight (kg); B, body surface area (m2).

Table 6
Comparison of predicted values of FVC and FEV1 with previous studies
aard-2-187-i006

FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; H, height (cm).

Notes

This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare, Republic of Korea (A092076).

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