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Rhyou: Gut Microbiota in Health and Probiotics in Functional Bowel Disease
Review Article

The Ewha Medical Journal 2017; 40(1): 22-28.

Published online: 31 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2017.40.1.22

Gut Microbiota in Health and Probiotics in Functional Bowel Disease

Jai Hyun Rhyou

Department of Surgery, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author Jai Hyun Rhyou. Department of Surgery, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, 78 Dasan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04588, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2231-0900, Fax: 82-2-2233-8528, mdrhyou@medigate.net

Received 2 January 2017       Accepted 4 January 2017

Copyright © 2017. Ewha Womans University School of Medicine

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Microorganisms coexist in the human body and its function is essential to maintain normal physiology and homeostasis. Microbiota refers to the entire population of microorganisms that colonizes a particular location; includes not just bacteria but also other microbes. Gut microbiota is vast and complex. It could be changed dynamically according to the variable factors. Well balanced host-microbial symbiotic state is a harmonious ecosystem in the stable individual. But, dysbiosis is a state of deviation in composition or function from the usual gut microbiota. It has been found that this condition is associated with many gastrointestinal, metabolic, allergic and the other diseases. Dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of functional bowel disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation. Probiotics is microorganism which, when administrated in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics have beneficial effects to reduce several symptoms of functional bowel diseases. Currently, complementary and alternative medicine therapies with probiotics is recommended for symptomatic relief from functional bowel disease.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal microbiome, Dysbiosis, Probiotics, Functional bowel disease, Irritable bowel syndrome

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics

emj-40-22-i001
Table 2

Potential mechanisms of probiotics action

emj-40-22-i002

Notes

The main point of this review was presented at the Symposium of the 49th Korean Society of Coloproctology on April 2, 2016.

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