Abstract
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) had gradually been declining all over the world, but in recent years, TB has been increasing due to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When immune-suppression status deteriorates further, extrapulmonary TB generally appears more often. Abdominal TB is one type of extra-pulmonary TB, which may involve the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, lymph nodes or solid viscera. We encountered a case who had initially been diagnosed as having abdominal TB, had progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome and was eventually confirmed as having developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In cases of coinfection of TB and HIV, it is reported that immunological responses become poor and complications with higher morbidity frequently occur. Therefore, the Korean guidelines for TB should be revised to ensure whether HIV infection exists in TB patients.
References
1. Hong YP, Kim SJ, Lew WJ, Lee EK, Han YC. The seventh nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey in Korea, 1995. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998; 2:27–36.
2. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual report on the notified tuberculous patients in Korea, 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2011.
3. Barnes PF, Bloch AB, Davidson PT, Snider DE Jr. Tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:1644–1650.
4. Sheer TA, Coyle WJ. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2003; 5:273–278.
5. Kim YS, Kim YH, Lee KM, Kim JS, Park YS. IBD Study Group of the Korean Association of the Study of Intestinal Diseases. Diagnostic Guideline of Intestinal Tuberculosis. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2009; 53:177–186.
6. Farer LS, Lowell AM, Meador MP. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1979; 109:205–217.
7. Kapoor VK. Abdominal tuberculosis. Medicine. 2007; 35:257–260.
8. Uzunkoy A, Harma M, Harma M. Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis: experience from 11 cases and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10:3647–3649.
9. Bhargava DK. Abdominal tuberculosis: current status. Apollo Med. 2007; 4:287–291.
10. Joint Committee for the Development of Korean Guidelines for Tuberculosis, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korean guidelines for tuberculosis. 1st ed. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2011.
11. Balasubramanian R, Nagarajan M, Balambal R, Tripathy SP, Sundararaman R, Venkatesan P, et al. Randomised controlled clinical trial of short course chemotherapy in abdominal tuberculosis: a five-year report. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1997; 1:44–51.
12. Gazzard B. Immunodeficiency and the gut. Medicine. 2007; 35:261–262.
13. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization;2015.
14. Watters DA. Surgery for tuberculosis before and after human immunodeficiency virus infection: a tropical perspective. Br J Surg. 1997; 84:8–14.