Effects of a Physical Activity Program on Physical Fitness of Intellectually Disabled Persons

Mi Seo Park; Mi Whoa Kim; Jin Hee Jeong; Nam Hyun Cha

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.88

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Park, Kim, Jeong, and Cha: Effects of a Physical Activity Program on Physical Fitness of Intellectually Disabled Persons

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2017; 28(1): 88-97.

Published online: 31 March 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.88

Effects of a Physical Activity Program on Physical Fitness of Intellectually Disabled Persons

Mi Seo Park¹, Mi Whoa Kim¹, Jin Hee Jeong¹, Nam Hyun Cha²

¹Dobong-gu Health Center, Rehabilitation Nursing Team, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Andong National University, Andong, Korea.

Corresponding author: Cha, Nam Hyun. Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong 36729, Korea. Tel: +82-54-820-7314, Fax: +82-54-820-6730, yeoreo@anu.ac.kr

Received 4 February 2017 Revised 22 March 2017 Accepted 23 March 2017

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a physical activity program on the physical fitness in persons with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

The study design was an equivalent control group pre-post test. The treatment group received ths physical activity program five times per week for 20 weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time points: Week 1 and Week 20 following the initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at the ends of week 1 and Week 20. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS v.21.0 software program.

Results

The experimental group showed a significant reduction of physical fitness: basic of physical fitness (t=-2.07, p=.041), flexibility (t=2.25, p=.027), muscular strength (t=2.70, p=.009), agility (t=-3.35, p=.001), except for sense of balance (t=-0.91, p=.368), while control group showed no change in these variables.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the physical activity program has proved to be a stable and physically active intervention program for physical activity in intellectually disabled persons.

Keywords: Physical activity, Disabled persons, Physical fitness

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Physical activity program.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics in Groups (N=81)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=47)	Cont. (n=34)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)		33.18±8.87	28.97±8.06	2.17	.330
Gender	Male	25 (53.2)	24 (70.6)	0.11	.117
Gender	Female	22 (46.8)	10 (29.4)	0.11	.117
Disability grade	1	9 (19.1)	9 (26.5)	2.42	.303
	2	29 (61.7)	15 (44.1)
	3	9 (19.1)	10 (29.4)
Religion	Yes	40 (85.1)	26 (76.5)	2.48	.654
Religion	No	7 (14.9)	8 (23.5)	2.48	.654
Economic condition	High	12 (25.5)	11 (32.4)	3.87	.421
	Middle	18 (38.3)	14 (41.1)
	Lower	17 (36.2)	9 (26.5)
Vocation	Yes	33 (70.2)	19 (55.9)	0.82	.373
Vocation	No	14 (29.8)	15 (44.1)	0.82	.373
Educational level^†	≤Primary school	2 (4.3)	2 (5.9)	7.84	.094
	Graduated middle school	12 (25.5)	1 (2.9)
	≥High school	33 (70.2)	31 (91.2)
Spouse^†	Yes	2 (4.3)	3 (8.8)	4.39	.360
Spouse^†	No	45 (95.7)	31 (91.2)	4.39	.360

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; independent-samples t-test (continous variables); χ² test or fisher's exact test (categorical variables).

Table 2

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables (N=81)

Variables		Exp. (n=47)	Cont. (n=34)	t	p
Variables		M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Physical fitness	Basic of physical fitness (sec)	10.21±2.00	10.29±2.73	−0.13	.895
	Flexibility (cm)	0.63±12.17	−1.26±9.90	0.98	.330
	Muscular strength (kg)	19.52±9.28	24.94±13.06	−2.05	.051
	Agility (sec)	19.03±6.79	17.01±10.47	0.77	.444
	Sense of balance (sec)	10.20±3.63	12.23±9.62	−1.17	.247

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 3

Comparison Physical Fitness between Two Groups (N=81)

Variables	Groups	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	t	p
Variables	Groups	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Basic of physical fitness (sec)	Exp.	10.21±2.00	7.97±2.60	−2.24±0.59	−2.07	.041
Basic of physical fitness (sec)	Cont.	10.29±2.73	9.33±3.07	−0.96±0.34	−2.07	.041
Flexibility (cm)	Exp.	0.63±12.17	1.83±11.17	1.20±1.01	2.25	.027
Flexibility (cm)	Cont.	−1.26±9.90	−4.29±12.45	3.03±2.50	2.25	.027
Muscular strength (kg)	Exp.	19.52±9.28	21.98±11.10	2.46±1.82	2.70	.009
Muscular strength (kg)	Cont.	24.94±13.06	22.24±15.17	−2.70±2.11	2.70	.009
Agility (sec)	Exp.	19.03±6.79	14.69±3.28	−4.34±3.50	−3.35	.001
Agility (sec)	Cont.	17.01±10.47	21.67±17.63	4.65±7.16	−3.35	.001
Sense of balance (sec)	Exp.	10.20±3.63	7.75±1.91	−2.44±1.72	−0.91	.368
Sense of balance (sec)	Cont.	12.23±9.62	11.01±5.95	−1.22±3.67	−0.91	.368

Exp.=experimental group (n=47); Cont.=control group (n=34).

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