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Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationships among experiences of traumatic events, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and the needs for health promotion programs of 119 paramedics.
Methods
Experiences of traumatic events, PTS, and needs for health promotion programs were measured using a structured questionnaire. The subjects were 193 paramedics in Jeju Island. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and x2 test.
Results
The most experienced event out of the 16 different traumatic events was ‘retrieve a suicide’s body.’ A high-risk classification of PTS was observed in 36.2% of the subjects. The rates of experiences were higher than those of the actual needs for all 26 health promotion programs. The programs reported as highly needed by respondents were stress management (75.5%) followed by exercise (74.6%) and PTS management (72.5%). Subjects with longer career periods, a fire sergeant, perceived obesity, numerous experiences of traumatic events, and in the PTS risk group had a higher need for a stress management program.
References
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Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Study Subjects (N=193)
Table 2.
Subjects' Experiences of Traumatic Events (N=193)
Table 3.
Level of Post-traumatic Stress (N=193)
Table 4.
Comparison of Experience and Need of Subjects' Health Promotion Programs (N=193)
| Variables | Categories | Experiences | Needs | Differences† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | ||
| Lifestyle | 1. Smoking cessation | 39 (20.2) | 109 (56.5) | 70 (36.3) |
| 2. Drinking management | 40 (20.7) | 98 (50.8) | 58 (30.1) | |
| 3. Healthy eating habits | 24 (12.4) | 85 (44.0) | 61 (31.6) | |
| 4. Exercise | 41 (21.2) | 144 (74.6) | 103 (53.4) | |
| 5. Obesity management | 19 (9.8) | 75 (38.9) | 56 (29.1) | |
| 6. Stress management | 79 (40.9) | 146 (75.6) | 67 (34.7) | |
| Frequency mean | 40.3±20.9 | 109.5±56.7 | ||
| Disease prevention | 7. Hypertension management | 14 (7.3) | 60 (30.1) | 46 (22.8) |
| 8. Diabetes management | 4 (2.1) | 43 (22.3) | 39 (20.2) | |
| 9. Hyperlipidemia management | 8 (4.1) | 45 (23.3) | 37 (19.2) | |
| 10. Liver disease management | 6 (3.1) | 51 (26.4) | 45 (23.3) | |
| 11. Musculoskeletal disease management | 20 (10.4) | 91 (47.2) | 71 (36.8) | |
| 12. Post-traumatic stress management | 100 (51.8) | 140 (72.5) | 40 (20.7) | |
| Frequency mean | 25.3±13.1 | 71.7±37.1 | ||
| Prevention services | 13. Suicide prevention | 56 (29.0) | 62 (32.1) | 3 (3.1) |
| 14. Cyber addiction prevention | 7 (3.6) | 26 (13.5) | 19 (9.9) | |
| 15. Fatigue prevention | 13 (6.7) | 101 (52.3) | 88 (45.6) | |
| 16. Oral health | 21 (10.9) | 42 (21.8) | 21 (10.9) | |
| 17. Infectious disease prevention | 46 (23.8) | 77 (39.9) | 31 (16.1) | |
| 18. Drug and substance abuse | 15 (7.8) | 31 (16.1) | 16 (8.3) | |
| 19. Sexual harassment prevention | 124 (64.2) | 59 (30.6) | 65 (33.6) | |
| 20. Sex education | 89 (46.1) | 46 (23.8) | 43 (22.3) | |
| 21. Emotional labor management | 9 (4.7) | 78 (40.4) | 69 (35.7) | |
| 22. Cancer screening | 22 (11.4) | 80 (41.5) | 58 (30.1) | |
| Frequency mean | 40.2±20.8 | 60.2±31.2 | ||
| Health protection | 23. Eye protection | 16 (8.3) | 57 (29.5) | 41 (21.2) |
| 24. Hearing preservation | 16 (8.3) | 53 (27.5) | 37 (19.2) | |
| 25. Respiratory protection | 25 (13.0) | 61 (31.6) | 36 (18.6) | |
| 26. Protective equipments wearing | 74 (38.3) | 77 (39.9) | 3 (1.6) | |
| Frequency mean | 32.8 (17.0) | 62 (32.1) | ||
| Frequency total mean | 35.7±18.5 | 74.5±38.6 | ||
Table 5.
Analyses of Experiences for the Six Programs with the Highest Gaps between Needs and Experiences by Subject’s Selected Characteristics
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