Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationships among social discrimination, subjective health, and personal satisfaction based on the country of origin.
Methods
The analysis was based on 16,958 immigrants who participated in the National Survey of Multicultural Family 2015 in Korea. This study conducted stratified cross-analysis of social discrimination for the differences in subjective health and personal satisfaction. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationships among social discrimination, subjective health, and personal satisfaction were examined with multivariable logistic regression.
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Table 1.
Variables | Categories | Total | Discrimination† | Subjective health‡ | Personal satisfaction§ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | x2 (p) | n (%) | x2 (p) | n (%) | x2 (p) | ||
Total | 16,958 (100.0) | 10,200 (100.0) | 10,931 (100.0) | 9,619 (100.0) | ||||
Gender | 2,561 (15.1) | 1,451 (56.7) | 15.34 | 1,702 (66.5) | 263.79 | 1,498 (58.5) | 305.29 | |
14,397 (84.9) | 8,749 (60.8) | (<.001) | 9,229 (64.1) | (<.001) | 8,121 (56.4) | (<.001) | ||
Age (year) | 10~19 | 92 (0.5) | 69 (75.0) | 5.26 | 71 (77.2) | 237.27 | 63 (68.5) | 12.74 |
20~29 | 4,584 (27.0) | 2,787 (60.8) | (.022) | 3,506 (76.5) | (<.001) | 2,934 (64.0) | (.026) | |
30~39 | 5,816 (34.3) | 3,408 (58.6) | 4,157 (71.5) | 3,493 (60.1) | ||||
40~49 | 3,989 (23.5) | 2,262 (56.7) | 2,205 (55.3) | 2,013 (50.5) | ||||
50~59 | 1,701 (10.0) | 1,058 (62.2) | 786 (46.2) | 780 (45.9) | ||||
60~69 | 776 (4.6) | 616 (79.4) | 206 (26.5) | 336 (43.3) | ||||
Education | No | 196 (1.2) | 121 (61.7) | 3.85 | 95 (48.5) | 35.15 | 89 (45.4) | 647.49 |
Elementary school | 1,168 (6.9) | 746 (63.9) | (.050) | 621 (53.2) | (<.001) | 559 (47.9) | (<.001) | |
Middle school | 3,067 (18.1) | 1,870 (61.0) | 1,848 (60.3) | 1,597 (52.1) | ||||
High school | 6,871 (40.5) | 4,170 (60.7) | 4,293 (62.5) | 3,719 (54.1) | ||||
≥College | 5,656 (33.4) | 3,293 (58.2) | 4,074 (72.0) | 3,655 (64.6) | ||||
Marital status | Single | 237 (1.4) | 155 (65.4) | 157.57 | 188 (79.3) | 367.83 | 116 (48.9) | 849.82 |
Married | 15,415 (90.9) | 9,309 (60.4) | (<.001) | 10,204 (66.2) | (<.001) | 9,125 (59.2) | (<.001) | |
Others|| | 1,306 (7.7) | 736 (56.4) | 539 (41.3) | 378 (28.9) | ||||
Residence period (year) | ≤1 | 418 (2.5) | 318 (77.6) | 1,301.77 | 319 (77.8) | 302 (73.7) | 76.47 | |
2~5 | 3,786 (22.3) | 2,394 (63.2) | (<.001) | 2,844 (75.1) | 455.42 | 2,526 (66.7) | (<.001) | |
6~10 | 6,122 (36.1) | 3,457 (56.5) | 4,091 (66.8) | (<.001) | 3,452 (56.4) | |||
≥11 | 6,632 (39.1) | 4,031 (60.8) | 3,677 (55.4) | 3,339 (50.3) | ||||
Income (10,000 won/ month) | ≤100 | 1,357 (8.0) | 864 (63.7) | 333.03 | 509 (37.5) | 94.96 | 474 (34.9) | 583.61 |
100~200 | 3,885 (22.9) | 2,355 (60.6) | (<.001) | 2,303 (59.3) | (<.001) | 1,755 (45.2) | (<.001) | |
200~300 | 5,238 (30.9) | 3,156 (60.3) | 3,505 (66.9) | 3,010 (57.5) | ||||
300~400 | 3,507 (20.7) | 2,068 (59.0) | 2,422 (69.1) | 2,231 (63.6) | ||||
400~500 | 1,630 (9.6) | 945 (58.0) | 1,156 (70.9) | 1,132 (69.4) | ||||
≥500 | 1,341 (7.9) | 812 (60.6) | 1,036 (77.3) | 1,017 (75.8) | ||||
Country of origin | China | 3,793 (22.4) | 2,292 (60.5) | 17.42 | 2,311 (61.0) | 463.70 | 2,032 (53.6) | 397.17 |
Korean-Chinese | 2,678 (15.8) | 1,577 (58.9) | (.002) | 1,363 (50.9) | (<.001) | 1,205 (45.0) | (<.001) | |
Japan | 1,485 (8.8) | 973 (65.5) | 791 (53.3) | 790 (53.2) | ||||
Taiwan, Hongkong | 550 (3.2) | 374 (68.0) | 382 (69.5) | 344 (62.5) | ||||
Vietnam | 2,736 (16.1) | 1,628 (59.6) | 1,915 (70.1) | 1,628 (59.6) | ||||
Philippines | 1,446 (8.5) | 867 (60.0) | 1,097 (75.9) | 904 (62.5) | ||||
The Rese of Southeast Asia | 1,569 (9.3) | 945 (60.3) | 1,107 (70.6) | 907 (57.8) | ||||
South Asia | 510 (3.0) | 236 (46.3) | 366 (71.8) | 306 (60.0) | ||||
Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia | 1,240 (7.3) | 751 (60.6) | 839 (67.7) | 762 (61.5) | ||||
America, Europe, Oceania | 951 (5.6) | 557 (58.6) | 760 (79.9) | 741 (77.9) |
Table 2.
Table 3.
Variables | Model I† (N=16,958) | Model II‡ (N=10,200) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjective health§ | Personal satisfaction|| | Subjective health§ | Personal satisfaction|| | |||||||||
OR2) | 95% | CI | OR3) | 95% | CI | OR4) | 95% | CI | OR5) | 95% | % CI | |
China | 1.37 | 1.12 | 1.69 | 1.83 | 1.51 | 2.22 | 1.46 | 1.10 | 1.94 | 1.86 | 1.42 | 2.42 |
Korean-Chinese | 1.64 | 1.33 | 2.02 | 2.13 | 1.75 | 2.60 | 1.77 | 1.33 | 2.36 | 2.21 | 1.69 | 2.90 |
Japan | 1.90 | 1.53 | 2.36 | 2.09 | 1.70 | 2.57 | 2.29 | 1.70 | 3.07 | 2.31 | 1.75 | 3.05 |
Taiwan, Hongkong | 1.09 | 0.84 | 1.42 | 1.44 | 1.13 | 1.84 | 1.20 | 0.84 | 1.70 | 1.71 | 1.24 | 2.35 |
Vietnam | 1.53 | 1.22 | 1.91 | 1.85 | 1.50 | 2.28 | 1.85 | 1.35 | 2.53 | 1.71 | 1.28 | 2.28 |
Philippines | 0.95 | 0.75 | 1.19 | 1.50 | 1.21 | 1.86 | 1.21 | 0.88 | 1.66 | 1.68 | 1.26 | 2.24 |
The Rest of Southeast Asia | 1.33 | 1.06 | 1.67 | 1.93 | 1.55 | 2.39 | 1.82 | 1.32 | 2.50 | 1.92 | 1.43 | 2.58 |
South Asia | 1.19 | 0.91 | 1.55 | 1.42 | 1.11 | 1.82 | 1.47 | 0.99 | 2.19 | 1.25 | 0.87 | 1.82 |
Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia | 1.30 | 1.04 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.28 | 1.96 | 1.53 | 1.12 | 2.10 | 1.68 | 1.26 | 2.25 |
America, Europe, Oceania | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |