Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.28(3) > 1058476

Cho, Do, Kang, Kim, Kim, Rou, Lee, Choi, and Choi: Analysis of Current Status of the Community Health Nursing Practice Education

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals.

Methods

Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis(response rate 29.0%).

Results

Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools(66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.

References

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Table 1.
General Characteristics (N=42)
Characteristics Categories n (%)
Type National or public 7 (16.7)
Private 35 (83.3)
Classification College of nursing 14 (33.3)
Department of nursing 21 (50.0)
Junior college 7 (16.7)
Established year Before 1979 11 (26.2)
1980~1989 5 (11.9)
1990~1999 11 (26.2)
2000~2009 7 (16.7)
After 2010 8 (19.0)
Table 2.
Status of Practice and Teaching-learning Methods (N=42)
Characteristics Categories n (%)
Practical credit 2 6 (14.3)
3 28 (66.7)
4 8 (19.0)
Practice institution Public health center 42 (100.0)
Public health center branch 14 (33.3)
Public health center post 17 (40.5)
Occupational health center 17 (40.5)
School health center 8 (19.0)
Community child center 3 (7.1)
Senior welfare center 3 (7.1)
Visiting health center 3 (7.1)
Health promotion center 2 (4.8)
PHWA 2 (4.8)
Others 4 (9.6)
Applicable diagnosis classification system NANDA 12 (28.6)
OMAHA system 34 (81.0)
HHCC 6 (14.3)
ICNP 7 (16.7)
Others 7 (16.7)
Teaching method Problemd based learning 6 (14.3)
Team based learning 15 (35.7)
Flipped learning 4 (9.5)
Group study 37 (88.1)
Others 1 (2.4)

PHWA=Population health and welfare association; NANDA= North American nursing diagnosis association; HHCC=Home health care classification; ICNP=International classication for nursing;

Multiple responses.

Table 3.
Actual Application of Core Fundamental Nursing Skills
Characteristics Categories n (%)
Evaluation items Vital signs 16 (38.1)
Subcutaneous injection 18 (42.9)
Intradermal injection 4 (9.5)
Oral administration 6 (14.3)
CPR 3 (7.1)
Evaluation methods of Direct evaluation 27 (64.3)
Indirect evaluation 3 (7.1)
(based on WEB etc)
Peer evaluation 3 (7.1)
Paper test 6 (14.3)
Others 3 (7.1)
Evaluation time of Orientation 1 (2.6)
Rounding 9 (23.1)
Conference 8 (20.5)
After practice 14 (35.9)
Others 10 (24.4)
Table 4.
Status and Evaluation Methods by Program Outcome
Variables PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Guidebook 24 (23.8) 5 (12.2) 1 (5.0) 7 (16.3) 6 (25.0) 7 (14.6) 4 (30.8) 5 (29.4) 1 (33.3) 2 (28.6) - 4 (15.4)
Report 14 (13.9) 2 (4.9) 2 (10.0) 15 (34.9) 6 (25.0) 21 (43.8) 1 (7.7) - - 1 (14.3) - 9 (34.6)
OLA 10 (9.9) 5 (12.2) 4 (20.0) 7 (16.3) 6 (25.0) 4 (8.3) 4 (30.8) 3 (17.6) 1 (33.3) 1 (14.3) - 1 (3.8)
CFN 41 (40.6) 24 (58.5) 9 (45.0) 7 (16.3) 1 (4.2) 11 (22.9) 1 (7.7) 3 (17.6) - 1 (14.3) - 3 (11.5)
Paper test 4 (4.0) 1 (2.4) - 1 (2.3) 3 (12.5) 1 (2.1) 1 (7.7) 4 (23.5) - 1 (14.3) - 3 (11.5)
EWR 7 (6.9) 4 (9.8) 1 (5.0) 2 (4.7) 2 (8.3) 4 (8.3) 1 (7.7) 2 (11.8) 1 (33.3) 1 (14.3) - 6 (23.1)
Attitude - - 3 (15.0) 4 (9.3) - - 1 (7.7) - - - - -
Total 101 (100.0) 41 (100.0) 20 (100.0) 43 (100.0) 24 (100.0) 48 (100.0) 13 (100.0) 17 (100.0) 3 (100.0) 9 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 26 (100.0)

PO1=Carries out comprehensive nursing practices based on a variety of liberal arts and disciplinary knowledge; PO2=Carries out core nursing practices for clients/groups in a variety of settings; PO3=Communicates health using formal and informal channels of communication; PO4=Demonstrates collaboration with other sectors in promoting health; PO5=Demonstrates important of the roles management of each member of the team in th delivery of health care; PO6=Applies the nursing process based on critical thinking and clinical reasoning; PO7=Understands standards of the nursing profession; PO8=Provides nursing service in accord with ethical standards and practice codes of the nursing profession; PO9=Comparsion and analysis a principle of nursing leadership; PO10=Demonstrates leadership ability; PO11=Contributes to the process of nursing research; PO12=Recognizes domestic and foreign health care policy changes; OLA=Onsite Leader Assessment; CFN=Core fundamental nursing; EWR=Evaluation when rounding;

Multiple responses.

Table 5.
Weight on Possibility of Achieving Learning Goals by Practical Areas Unit
Course objectives of community health nursing (Guideline for national examination) Public health agency School OHC SWC Others (VHC, CHC) Possibility to achieve M (Range 1~5)
PHC PHCB PHCP
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Assessment of community health care need Understanding of health policy 36 (85.7) 8 (19.0) 6 (14.3) 2 (4.8) 3 (7.1) 1 (2.4) 4 (9.6) 3.9
Applying epidemiology and statistics 31 (73.8) 8 (19.0) 7 (16.7) 2 (4.8) 4 (9.5) 3 (7.1) 3.4
Nursing assessment in community 36 (85.7) 11 (26.2) 9 (21.4) 2 (4.8) 4 (9.5) 4 (9.5) 4.3
Health equity and cultural diversity 28 (66.7) 10 (23.8) 6 (14.3) 1 (2.4) 1 (2.4) 3 (7.1) 3.5
Planning of public health program Planning of public health program 36 (85.7) 7 (16.7) 5 (11.9) 4 (4.8) 4 (9.5) 1 (2.4) 2 (4.8) 3.9
Resource utilization 34 (81.0) 6 (14.3) 5 (11.9) 2 (4.8) 4 (9.5) 1 (2.4) 4 (9.5) 3.8
Health promotion by population group Health promotion program 36 (85.7) 10 (23.8) 7 (16.7) 3 (7.1) 5 (11.9) 2 (4.8) 6 (16.7) 4.3
Primary health care 31 (73.8) 11 (26.2) 13 (31.0) 3 (7.1) 4 (9.5) 1 (2.4) 4 (11.9) 4.4
Infectious and chronic disease control 34 (81.0) 9 (21.4) 9 (21.4) - 2 (4.8) 1 (2.4) 4 (11.9) 3.9
Safe and environment Environment health 15 (35.7) 5 (11.9) 5 (11.9) 3 (7.1) 4 (9.5) 1 (2.4) 2.8
Disaster management 14 (33.3) 3 (7.1) 2 (4.8) 1 (2.4) 1 (2.4) 1 (2.4) 2.4

PHC=public health center; PHCB=public health center branch; PHCP=public health center post; OHC=occupational health center; SWC=senior welfare center; CHC=community child center; VHC=visiting health center;

Range 1~5:1=Very low, 2=Low, 3=Common, 4=High, 5=Very high.

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