Influential Factors for Happiness of Adolescents Who Use Community Child Centers

Young Mi Park; Jung Yee Kim; En Joo Jo; Ji Hyun Lee; Kyung Mi Woo

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.34

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Park, Kim, Jo, Lee, and Woo: Influential Factors for Happiness of Adolescents Who Use Community Child Centers

Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2017;28(1):34-43.

Published online: 12 March 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.34

Influential Factors for Happiness of Adolescents Who Use Community Child Centers

Young Mi Park¹, Jung Yee Kim¹, En Joo Jo¹, Ji Hyun Lee¹, Kyung Mi Woo²

¹College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Dongwon Institute of Science and Technology, Yangsan, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Jung Yee College of Nursing, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea. Tel: +82-51-990-3972, Fax: +82-51-990-3970, E-mail: ikimyang@hanmail.net

Received 3 December 2016 Revised 14 January 2017 Accepted 6 March 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine factors affecting happiness of adolescents who attended community child centers.

Methods

We surveyed 154 adolescents attending a community child center in P City with a structured self-report questionnaire from October 3 to October 15, 2016. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

The mean scores of family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness were 3.8±0.84, 3.8±0.98, 3.7±0.84 and 3.7±0.63. There were significant differences in happiness according to the subjects’ number of close friends and duration of their stay at the community child center. There were a significant positive correlations among family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness. The most significant factors affecting happiness included friend support (β=.40) and peaceable family strength (β=.35). These variables explained 44% of the total variance in happiness.

Conclusion

It is desirable to prepare and support measures to increase friends' support and family strength in order to improve happiness of adolescents attending community child centers. The findings suggest that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to promote friend support and family strength.

Keywords: Happiness, Family health, Social support, Adolescent

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Table 1.

Happiness Degree according to the Characteristics of Subjects (N=154)

Characteristic	Categories	n(%)	M±SD	t or F	p	Scheffé
Gender	Male	79 (51.3)	30.96±5.08	1.94	.054
Gender	Female	75 (48.7)	29.37±5.05
Year	Lower elementary grade	46 (29.9)	29.60±4.59	1.56	.212
	Upper elementary grade	74 (48.1)	29.93±5.31
	Middle student	34 (22.0)	31.52±5.25
Age of mother (year)	Non response	27 (17.5)	29.51±4.56	0.37	.772
	30~＜40	35(22.7)	30.62±5.47
	40~＜50	80(52.0)	30.35±5.20
	≥50	12 (7.8)	29.33±4.97
Age of father (year)	Non response	26(16.9)	30.15±4.79	0.36	.776
	30~＜40	8(5.2)	28.37±4.13
	40~＜50	89 (57.8)	30.37±5.01
	≥50	31 (20.1)	30.16±5.96
Number of close friends (person)	1^a	26(16.9)	27.96±5.63	3.26	.041	a＜c
	2~3^b	43(27.9)	30.23±4.55
	4~5^c	85 (55.2)	30.84±5.08
Frequency of use (time/week)	1	4(2.6)	25.25±4.27	2.13	.122
	2~3	63 (40.9)	30.01±5.01
	4~5	87 (56.5)	30.54±5.15
Length of use (year)	＜1/2^a	16(10.4)	28.25±4.82	3.35	.012	b＜d
	1/2~＜1^b	17(11.0)	27.00±3.98
	1~＜2^c	29(18.8)	30.17±5.65
	2~＜3^d	27(17.6)	31.81±3.18
	≥3^e	65 (42.2)	30.83±5.46

Table 2.

Family Strength, Friend Support, Teacher Support, and Happiness of Subjects (N=154)

Variables	Item	M±SD	Total range (Min~Max)	Item M±SD	Item range (Min~Max)
Family strength	9	34.62±7.57	11~45	3.84±0.84	1~5
Peaceable family	3	12.50±2.62	3~15	4.16±0.87	1~5
Conflict control	3	11.42±3.11	3~15	3.80±1.03	1~5
Share of activity	3	10.70±2.89	3~15	3.56±0.96	1~5
Friend support	8	31.05±7.90	8~40	3.88±0.98	1~5
Teacher support	8	30.29±6.75	8~40	3.78±0.84	1~5
Happiness	8	30.18±5.11	14~40	3.77±0.63	1~5
Positive emotion	3	11.97±2.70	3~15	3.99±0.90	1~5
Negative emotion	2	5.96±2.47	2~10	2.98±1.23	1~5
Satisfaction of life	3	12.25±2.65	3~15	4.08±0.88	1~5

Table 3.

Correlation among Family Strength, Friend Support, Teacher Support, and Happiness of Subjects (N=154)

Variables	Happiness
	Positive emotion	Negative emotion	Satisfaction of life	Happiness (total)
	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Family strength	.55 (＜.001)	-.08 (.295)	.49 (＜.001)	.51 (＜.001)
Peaceable family	.60 (＜.001)	-.09 (.230)	.59 (＜.001)	.58 (＜.001)
Conflict control	.47 (＜.001)	-.11 (.151)	.40 (＜.001)	.40 (＜.001)
Share of activity	.40 (＜.001)	-.01 (.913)	.31 (＜.001)	.37 (＜.001)
Friend support	.68 (＜.001)	-.18 (.025)	.63 (＜.001)	.60 (＜.001)
Teacher support	.56 (＜.001)	-.24 (.003)	.65 (＜.001)	.52 (＜.001)

Table 4.

Factors Influencing Happiness of Subjects (N=154)

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Unstanardized coefficients		Stanardized coefficients	t	p	Adjusted R²
Dependent variables	Independent variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Adjusted R²
Happiness	(Constant)	13.37	1.57		8.51	＜.001	.44
	Friend support	0.26	0.04	.40	5.59	＜.001
	Peaceable family of family strength	0.69	0.14	.35	4.89	＜.001
Tolerance=0.51~0.64, VIF=1.54~1.95, Durbin-watson=1.67, Adj. R²=.571, F=68.95, p＜.001
Positive emotion	Friend support	0.15	0.02	.45	6.75	＜.001	.47
	Peaceable family of family strength	0.35	0.06	.34	5.27	＜.001
	Length of use	0.28	0.11	.14	2.55	.012
Negative emotion	Teacher support	-0.08	0.02	-.24	-3.06	.003	.05
Satisfaction of life	Teacher support	0.14	0.02	.35	4.80	＜.001	.54
	Peaceable family of family strength	0.27	0.06	.26	3.96	＜.001
	Friend support	0.08	0.02	.25	3.28	.001

SE=standard error.

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