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Byun, Kim, and Kim: Factors Affecting Social Problem-solving Ability of Community-residing Alcohol-dependent Patients: Focused on Gender Differences
Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2017;28(3):313-323.

Published online: 12 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.313

Factors Affecting Social Problem-solving Ability of Community-residing Alcohol-dependent Patients: Focused on Gender Differences

Eun Kyung Byun1, Mi Young Kim2, Jung Hee Kim3

1Department of Nursing, Kyungnam College of Information · Technology, Busan, Korea

2Department of Nursing, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea

3Department of Nursing, Hansarang Hospital, Gimhae, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Mi Young Department of Nursing, Kaya University, 208 Samgye-ro, Gimhae 50830, Korea. Tel: +82-55-330-1172, Fax: +82-55-330-1142, E-mail: minocin@daum.net

Received 8 May 2017       Revised 24 August 2017       Accepted 24 August 2017

Copyright © 2017 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting social problem-solving ability of alcohol-dependent patients with a focus on gender differences.

Methods

Participants were 250 alcohol-dependent people(men 140, women 110) who were living in B, G and Y cities. Data were collected from January 10 to March 31, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Abstinence self-efficacy, alcohol insight, unconditional self-acceptance, and social problem-solving ability were investigated. For data analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were employed.

Results

Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for men were unconditional self-acceptance and age. The explanatory power was 28%. Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for women were unconditional self-acceptance, stress, religiousness, age, occupation and abstinence self-efficacy and the explanatory power was 72%. Unconditional self-acceptance and age were significant variables of social problem-solving ability in both men and women. Stress, occupation, religiousness and abstinence self-efficacy were significantly associated with social problem-solving ability in women but not in men.

Conclusion

The results suggest that it is necessary to consider gender characteristics in order to develop effective management programs for social problem-solving ability in alcohol-dependent people.

Keywords: Alcoholics, Problem solving, Sex difference

References

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Table 1.
Characteristics of Participant by Gender Group (N=250)
Characteristics Categories Total (n=250) Male (n=140) Female (n=110)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Age (year) 30~39 57 (22.8) 21 (15.0) 36 (32.7)
40~49 75 (30.0) 40 (28.6) 35 (31.8)
50~59 79 (31.6) 56 (40.0) 23 (20.9)
≥60 39 (15.6) 23 (16.4) 16 (14.6)
Education level Middle school 55 (22.0) 20 (14.3) 35 (31.8)
High school 123 (49.2) 79 (56.4) 44 (40.0)
≥College 72 (28.8) 41 (29.3) 31 (28.2)
Marriage status Single 76 (30.4) 38 (27.1) 38 (34.5)
Married 104 (41.6) 61 (43.6) 43 (39.0)
Divorced 80 (32.0) 41 (29.3) 29 (26.5)
Religion No 74 (29.6) 36 (25.7) 38 (34.5)
Yes 176 (70.4) 104 (74.3) 72 (65.5)
Family history No 95 (38.0) 47 (33.6) 48 (43.6)
Two-generation 107 (42.8) 61 (43.6) 46 (41.8)
Three-generation 48 (19.2) 32 (22.8) 16 (14.6)
Occupation No 95 (38.0) 61 (43.6) 34 (30.9)
Yes 155 (62.0) 79 (56.4) 76 (69.1)
Subjective mental health status Bad 200 (80.0) 102 (72.3) 98 (89.0)
Good 50 (20.0) 38 (27.7) 12 (11.0)
Depression No 164 (65.6) 92 (65.7) 72 (65.5)
Yes 86 (34.4) 48 (34.3) 38 (34.5)
Anxiety No 90 (36.0) 49 (35.0) 41 (37.2)
Yes 160 (64.0) 91 (65.0) 69 (62.8)
Stress No 113 (45.2) 70 (50.0) 43 (39.0)
Yes 137 (54.8) 70 (50.0) 67 (61.0)
Experience of insomnia (now) No 108 (43.2) 65 (46.4) 43 (39.0)
Yes 142 (56.8) 75 (53.6) 67 (61.0)
Subjective physical health status Bad 190 (76.0) 92 (65.7) 98 (89.0)
Good 60 (24.0) 48 (34.3) 12 (11.0)
Physical illness (now) No 129 (51.6) 79 (56.4) 50 (45.4)
Yes 121 (48.4) 61 (43.6) 60 (54.6)
Table 2.
Comparison of the Level of Social Problem-solving and Independents Variables of Male and Female in Community Residents with Alcohol Dependent Patients (N=250)
Variables Male (n=140) Female (n=110)
M±SD M±SD
Abstinence self-efficacy 49.90±19.56 52.53±17.84
Unconditional self-acceptan ce 91.94±15.35 91.26±15.33
Social problem-solving 17.96±4.30 18.61±6.20
Table 3.
Social Problem-solving Characteristics of Male and Female in Community Residents with Alcohol Dependent Patients (N=250)
Characteristics Categories Male (n=140) Female (n=110)
M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé
Age (year) 30~39 16.38±3.82 3.23 17.88±4.31 3.52
40~49 19.58±4.85 (.024) 19.13±7.47 (.027)
50~59 17.65±3.71 18.90±4.02
≥60 17.36±4.30 16.55±7.69
Education level Middle school 17.83±3.51 0.05 17.73±5.97 1.28
High school 17.91±4.03 (.951) 18.59±7.01 (.121)
≥College 18.14±5.16 17.92±4.28
Marriage status Single 18.17±5.66 0.19 19.12±9.06 1.64
Married 17.70±3.45 (.824) 17.33±4.53 (.200)
Divorced 18.15±4.07 19.84±2.46
Religion No 17.03±4.11 1.51 15.61±3.73 3.92
Yes 18.28±4.33 (.134) 20.19±6.66 (＜.001)
Family history No 17.80±3.23 1.65 18.16±5.06 1.71
Two-generation 18.75±5.00 (.181) 19.33±3.73 (.215)
Three-generation 16.70±4.13 17.87±8.35
Occupation No 17.81±4.00 0.49 16.82±4.59 4.98
Yes 18.17±4.68 (.625) 22.60±7.44 (＜.001)
Subjective mental health status Bad 17.82±3.52 0.65 18.62±6.50 0.07
Good 18.35±.945 (.514) 18.50±2.84 (.947)
Depression No 17.85±3.88 -0.45 18.40±7.22 -0.48
Yes 18.19±5.04 (.657) 19.00±3.62 (.632)
Anxiety No 18.22±3.75 -0.53 19.78±3.17 -1.53
Yes 17.82±4.58 (.600) 17.91±7.38 (.129)
Stress No 18.03±4.68 -0.19 22.08±6.51 -5.25
Yes 17.89±3.91 (.848) 16.38±4.86 (＜.001)
Experience of insomnia (now) No 18.71±4.79 -1.93 20.46±7.63 -2.57
Yes 17.32±3.74 (.056) 17.42±4.78 (.012)
Subjective physical health status Bad 17.67±3.83 1.37 18.72±6.51 0.52
Good 18.65±5.05 (.173) 17.73±2.50 (.605)
Physical illness (now) No 17.95±4.68 0.02 17.74±5.10 -1.35
Yes 17.97±3.78 (.981) 19.34±6.94 (.179)
Table 4.
Correlation between Social Problem-solving and Independent Variables (N=250)
Variables Social problem-solving
Male (n=140) Female (n=110)
r (p) r (p)
Abstinence self-efficacy .19 (.036) .41 (＜.001)
Unconditional self-acceptance .45 (＜.001) .74 (＜.001)
Table 5.
Factors Influencing Social Problem-solving in Community Residents with Alcohol Dependent Patients (N=250)
Gender Variables B SE β t (p)
Male (n=140) Unconditional self-acceptance 0.12 0.21 .45 6.12 (＜.001)
Abstinence self-efficacy 0.01 0.01 .06 0.85 (.397)
Age dummy (30~39 except; referent) -0.79 0.96 -.06 -0.82 (.409)
(40~49 except; referent) 2.03 0.79 .21 2.54 (.012)
(60 except; referent) -0.71 0.92 -.06 -.776 (.439)
R2=.28, F=10.61, p＜.001
Female (n=110) Unconditional self-acceptance 0.18 0.03 .44 6.04 (＜.001)
Abstinence self-efficacy 0.05 0.02 .14 2.00 (.048)
Stress (No; referent) -3.78 0.73 -.29 5.17 (＜.001)
Religion (No; referent) 3.45 0.80 .26 4.31 (＜.001)
Age dummy (30~39 except; referent) -0.68 0.91 -.05 -0.74 (.457)
(50~59 except; referent) 0.92 1.03 .06 0.89 (.375)
(60 except; referent) -4.29 1.06 -.24 -4.03 (＜.001)
Occupation (No; referent) -2.31 0.85 -.17 -2.70 (.008)
Insomnia (No; referent) 0.86 0.85 .06 1.00 (.316)
R2=.72, F=28.72, p＜.001
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