Effects of Peer Mentoring Program on the Health Conservation in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Jiran Nam; Kiwol Sung

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.227

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Nam and Sung: Effects of Peer Mentoring Program on the Health Conservation in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2017;28(3):227-239.

Published online: 12 September 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.227

Effects of Peer Mentoring Program on the Health Conservation in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Jiran Nam¹, Kiwol Sung²

¹Department of Nursing, Gumi University, Gumi, Korea

²College of Nursing, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding author: Nam, Jiran Department of Nursing, Gumi University, 37 Yaeun-ro, Gumi 39213, Korea. Tel: +82-54-440-1307, Fax: +82-53-810-7779, E-mail: sik4300@hanmail.net

Received 2 April 2017 Revised 22 June 2017 Accepted 22 June 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of peer mentoring program on physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support, which are health conservation elements in elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Methods

This study used a quasi-experimental research design. It is a pretest-and-post 1, post 2 test design of a non-equivalent control group. The subjects were elderly women aged over 65 who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. A total of 60 patients (experimental group 30, control group 30) who registered with the Senior Welfare Center in City G and in Region D participated in this study. The data were collected from June 29th to September 4th, 2015. The collected data were analyzed with x² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and repeated measurement ANOVA.

Results

The experimental group showed a greater increase in physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support than the control group.

Conclusion

The results indicated that the peer mentoring program is effective in increasing physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support of elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Keywords: Health, Mentor, Osteoarthritis, Self care, Social support

References

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Table 1.

Components of Peer Mentoring Program

Field	Object	Contents	Arbitration
Conservation of energy	Prevent fatigue by regulating energy input and output of female seniors with osteoarthritis.	Appropriate physical activity	∙ Education on proper diet
		Proper diet	∙ Necessity of exercise
			∙ Proper exercise method
			∙ "Be confident at 90" health exercise
			∙ How to wear/use/read Fimeter
Structural combination preservation	Recover and maintain the body structure by preventing joint deterioration of female seniors with osteoarthritis and preventing complications by increasing flexibility and healing of the joints.	Maintain joint flexibility	∙ Proper ways to use joints
			∙ Passive/active ROM excercise
			∙ Muscle relaxation technique, aroma massage
			∙ Proper application of cold and warmth therapy
Personal combination preservation	Recover and maintain positive self-awareness through health peer mentoring for female seniors with osteoarthritis.	Positive self-awareness	∙ Provide program booklet
			∙ Self checklist
			∙ Health diary
			∙ Proper ways to take medication
			∙ Pain control
Social integration preservation	Maintain balance between social integration and independence through peer mentoring for female seniors with osteoarthritis.	Formation of social support	∙ Mentoring principle and overview
			∙ Deciding mentor and mentee
			∙ Emotional support
			∙ Confirming promises and problem solution
			∙ Share pain experience

Table 2.

Peer Mentoring Program of 16 Sessions

Week	Topic	Contents	Teaching methods
1	Understaning osteoarthritis	What is Osteoarthritis? (40 Min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet - Expert lecture and demonstration
2	Understaning osteoarthritis	Pain from osteoarthritis (20 min) Necessity of exercise and principles (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet - Expert observation - Mentor lecture
3	Proper exercise	"Be confident at 90" health exercise (40 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
4	Proper exercise	Daily life rules for joint protection (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
5	Diet management	Proper diet (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
6	Osteoarthritis management	Pain management METshod (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
7	Osteoarthritis management	Aroma massage for pain relief (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise and massage (practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
8	Osteoarthritis management	Aroma Massage for pain relief (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise and massage (practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
9	Proper way to use joints	Range of joint movement (20 min) Passive ROM exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Passive ROM Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
10	Proper way to use joints	Proper ways to use joints (20 min) Active ROM exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Active ROM Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
11	Proper way to use joints	Passive ROM exercise (20 min) Active ROM exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
12	Osteoarthritis management	Proper ways on taking medication (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
13	Osteoarthritis management	Proper application of cold and warmth therapy (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
14	Osteoarthritis management	Applicatin of cold therapy (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
15	Osteoarthritis management	Applicatin of warmth therapy (20 min) "Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice) - Expert observation - Mentor lecture and demonstration - Mentee practice
16	Exchange experiment	Sharing pain experience (20 min) Presenting future plan (20 min) Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)	∙ Booklet - Expert host

Table 3.

Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Health related Conditions between Tow Groups

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=30)	Cont. (n=30)	x² (p)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)
Age (year)	65~＜70	16 (53.3)	18 (60.0)	0.27 (.602)
Age (year)	≥70	14 (46.7)	12 (40.0)
Education	Uneducated	10 (33.3)	8 (26.7)	1.84 (.398)
	Elementary school	12 (40.0)	9 (30.0)
	≥Middle school	8 (26.6)	13 (43.3)
Spouse	With	23 (76.7)	22 (73.3)	2.10 (.350)
Spouse	Without	7 (23.3)	8 (26.7)
Living status	Alone	8 (26.7)	7 (23.3)	0.64 (.725)
	A couple	8 (26.7)	6 (20.0)
	With children	14 (46.7)	17 (56.7)
Care givers	Self-care	9 (30.0)	8 (26.7)	0.10 (.992)
	Spouse	7 (23.3)	7 (23.3)
	Children	11 (36.7)	12 (40.0)
	Other relatives	3 (10.0)	3 (10.0)
Monthly pocket money (10,000 won)	＜20	10 (33.3)	9 (30.0)	0.11 (.946)
	20~＜30	8 (26.7)	9 (30.0)
	≥30	12 (40.0)	12 (40.0)
Alcohol	Yes	3 (10.0)	6 (20.0)	1.18 (.472^†)
Alcohol	No	27 (90.0)	24 (80.0)
Exercise	Yes	7 (23.3)	13 (43.3)	2.70 (.100)
Exercise	No	23 (76.7)	17 (56.7)
Associated disease	Yes	7 (23.3)	6 (20.0)	0.10 (.754)
Associated disease	No	23 (76.7)	24 (80.0)
Period of diagnosis (year)	0.5~＜7	23 (76.7)	28 (93.3)	4.67 (.145^†)
Period of diagnosis (year)	≥7	7 (23.3)	2 (6.7)
Perceived health status	Poor	13 (43.3)	8 (26.7)	1.90 (.387)
	Moderate	13 (43.3)	16 (53.3)
	Good	4 (13.3)	6 (20.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^† Fisher's exact test.

Table 4.

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables between Two Groups

Variables	Categories	Exp. (n=30)	Cont. (n=30)	t (p)
Variables	Categories	M±SD	M±SD	t (p)
Physical activity	Daily energy expenditure	1,191.03±219.37	1,243.47±138.41	1.11 (.273)
	Daily exercise intensity	1.14±0.07	1.17±0.05	1.65 (.105)
	Moderate intensity exercise	5.80±2.72	6.80±4.03	1.13 (.265)
Knee joint function	K-WOMAC	55.90±7.18	54.56±14.10	4.54 (.652)
	Right knee ROM	114.15±3.06	115.53±2.97	1.77 (.082)
	Left knee ROM	114.64±2.69	115.88±3.18	1.64 (.107)
Self care agency		90.70±18.29	100.23±22.45	1.80 (.077)
Social support		44.76±10.57	49.30±9.92	1.71 (.092)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 5.

Repeated Measure ANOVA of Physical Activity, Knee Joint Function, Self Care Agency and Social Support between the Two Groups

Variables		Group	Pretest^a	Posttest 1^b	Posttest 2^c	Source	F (p)	Bon.
Variables		Group	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	Source	F (p)	Bon.
Physical activity	Daily energy expenditure (Kcal)	Exp. (n=30)	1,191.03±219.37	1,348.00±200.49	1,506.37±191.84	Group	5.82 (.019)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	1,243.47±138.41	1,276.80±153.60	1,308.63±149.20	Time	19.95 (＜.001)
						G×T	8.62 (＜.001)
	Daily exercise intensity (METs)	Exp. (n=30)	1.14±0.07	1.23±0.09	1.31±0.10	Group	16.63 (＜.001)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	1.17±0.05	1.18±0.06	1.18±0.06	Time	27.77 (＜.001)
						G×T	18.51 (＜.001)
	Moderate intensity exercise (min)	Exp. (n=30)	5.80±2.72	22.00±5.09	45.17±17.94	Group	140.41 (＜.001)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	6.80±4.03	10.27±5.04	5.87±2.79	Time	97.84 (＜.001)
						G×T	112.41 (＜.001)
Knee joint function	K-WOMAC	Exp. (n=30)	55.90±7.18	39.06±7.41	25.20±15.04	Group	31.01 (＜.001)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	54.56±14.10	55.43±12.19	49.93±13.82	Time	51.68 (＜.001)
						G×T	56.77 (＜.001)
	Right knee ROM (°)	Exp. (n=30)	114.15±3.06	119.47±1.36	125.27±1.36	Group	61.83 (＜.001)	a＜b, c
		Cont. (n=30)	115.53±2.97	114.76±2.45	115.16±2.45	Time	370.20 (＜.001)
						G×T	416.63 (＜.001)
	Left knee ROM (°)	Exp. (n=30)	114.64±2.69	120.26±1.54	125.26±1.54	Group	46.61 (＜.001)	a＜b, c
		Cont. (n=30)	115.88±3.18	115.53±2.65	116.33±2.65	Time	604.06 (＜.001)
						G×T	516.00 (＜.001)
Self care agency		Exp. (n=30)	90.70±18.29	127.53±17.33	166.20±18.59	Group	81.30 (＜.001)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	100.23±22.45	102.10±15.86	99.60±21.97	Time	60.87 (＜.001)
						G×T	63.06 (＜.001)
Social support		Exp. (n=30)	44.76±10.57	61.63±8.43	79.60±9.55	Group	40.14 (＜.001)	a＜b＜c
		Cont. (n=30)	49.30±9.92	48.30±9.29	45.07±13.71	Time	78.53 (＜.001)
						G×T	128.25 (＜.001)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; Bon.=bonferroni test.

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