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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to survey the current status of mental health education and need for mental health education enhancing protective factors in the elementary schools.
Methods
We surveyed 10 school health teachers and 328 fifth- and sixth-grade students using 19- and 20-item questionnaires, respectively.
Results
All of the teachers and 65.2% of the students replied that they were either teaching or being taught mental health in school. Topics covered suicide, depression, school violence, and Internet addiction. All of the teachers and 84.1% of the students expressed the need for mental health education enhancing protective factors in school. Both groups replied that two sessions are enough. The teachers preferred role play and discussion as teaching methods, and audiovisual materials and computer as instructional media. The students preferred lecture and role play as teaching methods, and audiovisual materials and smartphone as instructional media. Both groups ranked self-esteem, parent-child relationship, peer relationship, and emotional regulation as the most important topics to be covered in the education.
References
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Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Study Subjects
Table 2.
Status of Mental Health Education from School Health Teacher and Students
| Participants | Variables | Categories | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School health teachers (n=10) | Health education | Yes | 10 (100.0) | |
| No | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Number of hours (per year) | 5th grader | |||
| Over 17 | 6 (60.0) | |||
| Under 17 | 3 (30.0) | |||
| Not applicable | 1 (10.0) | |||
| 6th grader | ||||
| Over 17 | 4 (40.0) | |||
| Under 17 | 4 (40.0) | |||
| Not applicable | 2 (20.0) | |||
| Mental health education | Teach a class | Yes | 10 (100.0) | |
| No | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Number of hours (per year) | 5th grader | |||
| 3 | 1 (10.0) | |||
| 2 | 4 (40.0) | |||
| 1 | 4 (40.0) | |||
| Not applicable | 1 (10.0) | |||
| 6th grader | ||||
| 3 | 1 (10.0) | |||
| 2 | 3 (30.0) | |||
| 1 | 4 (40.0) | |||
| Not applicable | 2 (20.0) | |||
| Topics† | Suicide | 4 (21.1) | ||
| Depression | 3 (15.8) | |||
| School violence | 3 (15.8) | |||
| Internet addiction | 2 (10.5) | |||
| Friendship | 2 (10.5) | |||
| Self-esteem | 2 (10.5) | |||
| Emotion | 2 (10.5) | |||
| Stress | 1 (5.3) | |||
| Teaching method† | Lecture | 9 (39.1) | ||
| Discussion | 6 (26.1) | |||
| Role play | 3 (13.0) | |||
| Case 'study | 4 (17.4) | |||
| Self-directed learning | 1 (4.3) | |||
| Instructional media† | Printed media such as textbook | 2 (11.1) | ||
| Audiovisual media such as video | 10 (55.6) | |||
| Non-projected media such as real objects | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Computer media such as multimedia | 4 (22.2) | |||
| Smart media such as smart phone | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Source of teaching material† | Book | 2 (10.0) | ||
| Periodical | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Internet | 10 (50.0) | |||
| Peer school health teacher | 8 (40.0) | |||
| Information leaflet | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Difficulty‡ | Mental health education | |||
| Low priority | 3 (17.6) | |||
| No method and time for feedback | 3 (17.6) | |||
| Lack of materials | 3 (17.6) | |||
| Lack of capacity of health teacher | 3 (17.6) | |||
| Health education | ||||
| Lack of time | 3 (17.6) | |||
| Excessive school health task | 2 (11.8) | |||
| Students (n=328) | Mental health education | Yes | 214 (65.2) | |
| No | 114 (34.8) | |||
| Never | 79 (69.3) | |||
| Don't remember | 24 (21.1) | |||
| Other | 11 (9.6) | |||
| Topics† | Response | 202 (94.4) | ||
| Internet addiction | 120 (43.8) | |||
| Suicide | 76 (27.7) | |||
| Depression | 37 (13.5) | |||
| Psychosis | 14 (5.1) | |||
| Don't remember | 14 (5.1) | |||
| School violence | 9 (3.3) | |||
| Friendship | 1 (0.4) | |||
| Self-esteem | 2 (0.7) | |||
| Stress | 1 (0.4) | |||
| Non-response | 12 (5.6) |
Table 3.
Needs for Protective factors in Mental Health Education from School Health Teachers (N=10)
| Variables | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demand | Extremely Very | 10 (100.0) 0 (0.0) |
| Moderately Slightly | 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) | |
| Not at all | 0 (0.0) | |
| Goal | Understanding of concept and knowledge Acquisition of attitude and value | 0 (0.0) 8 (80.0) |
| Practice of health behaviour Development of critical thinking | 1 (70.0) 1 (70.0) | |
| Frequency | 3 | 4 (40.0) |
| 2 1 | 5 (50.0) 0 (0.0) | |
| Other | 1 (10.0) | |
| Teaching method† | Lecture Discussion | 1 (4.0) 8 (32.0) |
| Role play Case study | 10 (40.0) 5 (20.0) | |
| Self-directed learning | 1 (4.0) | |
| Instructional media† | Printed media such as textbook Audiovisual media such as video | 1 (5.3) 10 (52.6) |
| Non-projected media such as real objects Computer media such as multimedia | 2 (10.5) 4 (21.1) | |
| Smart media such as smart phone | 2 (10.5) | |
| Accessibility to information | Very good Good | 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) |
| Fair Poor | 2 (20.0) 7 (70.0) | |
| Very poor | 1 (10.0) | |
| Issues to consider‡ | Aspect of health education in school | |
| Enough time for health education | 5 (23.8) | |
| Competency for the school health teacher | 4 (19.0) | |
| Aspect of mental health education Development of the practical teaching materials | 7 (33.3) | |
| Connection with mental health resources Strategies to self-directed learning | 3 (14.3) 2 (9.5) |
Table 4.
Needs for Protective Factors in Mental Health Education from Students (N=328)
| Variables | Categories |
Boys |
Girls |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Demand | Extremely | 86 (58.1) | 107 (59.4) | 193 (58.8) |
| Very | 34 (23.0) | 49 (27.2) | 83 (25.3) | |
| Moderately | 24 (16.2) | 20 (11.1) | 44 (13.4) | |
| Slightly | 3 (2.0) | 2 (1.1) | 5 (1.5) | |
| Not at all | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (0.9) | |
| Frequency | 3 | 31 (20.9) | 52 (28.9) | 83 (25.3) |
| 2 | 74 (50.0) | 81 (45.0) | 155 (47.3) | |
| 1 | 37 (25.0) | 36 (20.0) | 73 (22.3) | |
| Other | 6 (4.1) | 11 (6.1) | 17 (5.2) | |
| Teaching method† | Lecture | 59 (39.9) | 58 (32.2) | 117 (26.0) |
| Discussion | 55 (37.2) | 53 (29.4) | 108 (24.0) | |
| Role play | 38 (25.7) | 77 (42.8) | 115 (25.6) | |
| Case study | 26 (17.6) | 29 (16.1) | 55 (12.2) | |
| Self-directed learning | 17 (11.5) | 38 (21.1) | 55 (12.2) | |
| Instructional media† | Printed media such as textbook | 15 (10.1) | 20 (11.1) | 35 (7.1) |
| Audiovisual media such as video | 109 (73.6) | 126 (70.0) | 235 (47.7) | |
| Non-projected media such as real objects | 25 (16.9) | 23 (12.8) | 48 (9.7) | |
| Computer media such as multimedia | 34 (23.0) | 41 (22.8) | 75 (15.2) | |
| Smart media such as smart phone | 41 (27.7) | 59 (32.8) | 100 (20.3) |
Table 5.
Priority of Topics Enhancing Protective Factors in Mental Health Education
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